关于马克思主义理论主题、理论基础和理论结构的再思考

Rethinking on the Theoretical Theme, Basis and Structure of Marxism

如何从整体上准确地理解和把握马克思主义,不仅是马克思主义历史上的一个重大理论问题,而且是当今马克思主义研究中的一个有待深入探讨的重大理论问题。马克思主义的理论主题是无产阶级和人类解放,马克思主义的理论基础是实践、辩证、历史的唯物主义。马克思主义的哲学批判同资本批判密切相关、高度统一,马克思独特的思维方式发现了社会主义必然代替资本主义的历史规律。马克思主义是科学,不是启示录,提供的不是关于当代问题的现成答案,而是研究当代问题的科学方法。哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义这三个部分构成完整的马克思主义理论体系内在结构,三者各具相对独立性,但又相互依存、相互渗透,把其中任何一个组成部分同整体割裂开来,都会使其丧失原有的性质,并会导致对作为一个整体的马克思主义的误解甚至曲解。由于马克思主义深刻把握了人与世界的总体关系,深刻把握了资本主义生产方式的运动规律、社会发展的一般规律,由于马克思主义代表的是“全世界的受苦人”的根本利益,由于马克思主义所关注和解答的问题契合着当代世界的重大问题,所以产生于19世纪中叶的马克思主义又超越了19世纪中叶这个特定的时代,仍然是我们这个时代的真理和良心,仍然占据真理和道义的制高点。

How to accurately understand and grasp Marxism as a whole is not only a major theoretical issue in the history of Marxism,but also a major theoretical issue to be further explored in today’s Marxism research.The theoretical theme of Marxism is the proletariat and human liberation,and its theoretical basis is practical,dialectical and historical materialism.Marxist philosophical criticism and capital criticism are closely related and highly unified.Marx’s unique way of thinking has found the historical law that socialism will inevitably replace capitalism.Marxism is a science,not an apocalypse.It provides not ready-made answers to contemporary problems,but a scientific method to study contemporary problems.The three parts of philosophy,political economy and scientific socialism constitute a complete internal structure of Marxist theoretical system.Each of them is relatively independent,but they are interdependent and interpenetrating.If any of them is separated from the whole,it will lose its original nature and lead to[JP2]misunderstanding and even misinterpretation of Marxism as a whole.Because Marxism profoundly grasps the overall relationship between man and the world,deeply grasps the movement law of capitalist mode of production and the general law of social development,because Marxism represents the fundamental interests of“the suffering people of the world”,and because the problems that Marxism concerns and answers agree with the major problems of the contemporary world,Marxism which came into being in the middle of the 19th century has gone beyond the specific era of the mid-19th century,and is still the truth and conscience of our time,and still occupies the commanding heights of truth and morality.