不同菌种对中药渣堆肥过程及成分的影响

Influence of different microbe strains on composting process and components of Chinese herbal residues

【目的】为了促进废弃中药渣的基质化利用,探索不同菌种对其堆制发酵效果的影响,【方法】以中药渣为材料,比较分析了添加0.5%的枯草芽孢杆菌(T1)、康宁木霉(T2)、EM菌(T3)与不添加菌种(CK)的中药渣在堆制过程中理化特性的变化.【结果】0~3 d是中药渣发酵的快速升温期,高温期持续了7 d以上,最高温T2处理达到57℃;各处理pH值在7.5~8.5之内;T1、T2和T3的EC值在2.0~2.75 ms/cm之间,CK处理为1.582 ms/cm;T1、T2和T3发芽指数均超过了97%,CK为86.56%;T1、T2和T3处理腐殖质含分别达到了21.47%,23.22%,24.79%,CK处理为20.07%.胡敏酸含量分别下降了4.32%、4.12%、3.62%和3.65%.富里酸含量分别增加了8.19%、10.55%、10.86%和7.35%;各处理木质素含量均有下降,堆肥结束时分别为11.17%、9.10%、10.23%和10.57%,纤维素分别降低了5.5%、4.24%、6.68%和6.18%,半纤维素分别降低了41.01%、45.94%、43.2%和39.31%;速效磷含量分别上升了271.97、335.98、252.17、161.08 mg/kg,速效钾含量分别上升了420.53、455.20、421.87、310.54 mg/kg.【结论】3种菌种在中药渣堆肥过程中的各方面均有促进作用,均适合作为观赏园艺植物基质.

【Objective】To promote the matrix exploit of waste Chinese herbal residue,and to explore the effects of different microbe strains on the composting fermentation.【Method】The waste Chinese herbal residues were used as the experiment materials to study the physical and chemical characteristics of Chinese medicinal residues added with 0.5%Bacillus subtilis(T1),Trichoderma kangning(T2)and EM strains(T3).【Result】The rapid temperature increasing period of fermentation was from 0 to 3 days,the high temperature period lasted for more than 7 days,and the highest temperature of T2 reached 57℃.The pH value ranged from 7.5 to 8.5.The EC of T1,T2 and T3 were between 2.0 ms/cm and 2.75 ms/cm,and it was 1.582 ms/cm for CK.The GI of T1,T2 and T3 were exceeded 97%,and it was 86.56%for CK.After composting,the humus content of each treatment reached 21.47%,23.22%,24.79%,and it was 20.07%for CK.The contents of humic acid in each treatment were decreased by 4.32%,4.12%,3.62%and 3.65%respectively.Fulvic acid contents were increased by 8.19%,10.55%,10.86%and 7.35%respectively.Lignin content decreased in each treatment,which was 11.17%,9.10%,10.23%and 10.57%respectively.Cellulose content was decreased by 5.5%,4.24%,6.68%and 6.18%in each treatment,and hemicellulose content was decreased by 41.01%,45.94%,43.2%and 39.31%respectively.The available phosphorus content increased by 271.97,335.98,252.17 and 161.08 mg/kg after composting process,and the available potassium content increased by 420.53,455.20,421.87 and 310.54 mg/kg respectively.【Conclusion】The tested microbe strains can promote the composting process of Chinese medicinal residues,and the compost is suitable for ornamental plants.