20世纪30年代国民政府维护西沙群岛主权的对法交涉--基于国民政府外交档案所列史实和法理的探讨

National Government’s Negotiation with French Government for Defending the Sovereignty over Xisha Islands in the 1930s--Study on the Base of Historical Facts and Legal Principle in National Government Archives

20世纪早期,法国就开始觊觎中国南海诸岛的领土。1932年,法方向国民政府提出外交节略,列举了西沙群岛隶属于法属越南的"证据",并试图让国民政府进行相关的法律谈判。为了应对法国索取西沙群岛主权,国民政府外交部充分咨询了内政部、海军部参谋本部、广东和广西两省地方政府,详细掌握了西沙群岛自古以来属于中国的地理、历史和法理依据,有理有据地反驳了法方的无理要求。然而,法国持续在此问题上纠缠,并阻扰国民政府在西沙群岛上的行政管理活动。国民政府为维护西沙群岛主权,继续搜集史料证据,为艰苦的后续交涉做准备。随着抗战全面爆发,日军侵占西沙群岛,受制于羸弱的海军实力,国民政府对西沙群岛的维权只能被迫告一段落。

France coveted the Xisha islands from the beginning of 20th century. The Franch Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent note to China government to express the opinion that Xisha islands were belonging to Vietnam governed by France from the so-call evidences. The France government planed to negotiate with China on the sovereignty over Xisha islands by judicial settlement. The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs consulted the Interior Ministry Naval Staff Guangxi and Guangdong province government. And then The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs refuted the French government’s unreasonable demands by improving the fact that China had claimed sovereignty over Xisha islands from history geography and international law evidence. The French government was pressing Chinese government and prevented Chinese government from administrative management. Chinese government was searching for evidence to claim sovereignty over Xisha islands in negotiation with French government in future. In 1937,the anti-Japanese war broke out. Japanese army occupied Xisha islands gradually and Chinese navy was too weak to expel Japanese army out of Xisha islands. The Chinese government had to suspend negotiation with French government on the sovereignty over Xisha islands temporary.