第一次世界大战与英法对摩苏尔的争夺

World War One and Anglo-French Fight over Mosul

摩苏尔是一战结束前奥斯曼帝国的亚洲属地,1916年法国通过英法《赛克斯-皮科协定》秘密获得了对摩苏尔的控制权。一战结束前,国际形势的变化与石油重要性的上升让摩苏尔的价值凸显,由此英国改变了对摩苏尔的政策,并开始就其归属权同法国展开激烈争夺。英法为此多次交锋,并在巴黎和会上将摩苏尔问题同叙利亚边界问题挂钩,双方的斗争达到白热化。最终,英法在1920年签署《圣雷莫石油协定》,两国围绕摩苏尔问题为期数年的博弈以英国获得摩苏尔的所有权,并给予法国一定的石油补偿而告终。

Mosul was an Asian dependency of the Ottoman Empire before the end of World War I. France secretly gained control of Mosul by Sykes-Picot Agreement in 1916.Mosul seemed to be more important before the end of World War I when the international situation changed and the value of oil manifested. As a result,Britain changed its policy on Mosul and began a fierce battle with France over its ownership. They fought many times and even involved the Syria border dispute at the Paris Peace Conference. Finally,Britain and France signed the San Remo Oil Agreement in 1920. Anglo-French rivalry over Mosul for several years ended by Britain acquired Mosul’s ownership but gave France some oil compensations.