转基因大豆向野生大豆基因漂移研究进展

Progress on the Gene Flow From Genetically Modified Soybeans to Wild Soybeans

随着转基因作物在全球范围内大规模的商业化种植,转基因作物向其野生近缘种基因漂移及其引起的环境风险成为转基因生物安全领域的新课题。野生大豆是我国最重要的生物遗传资源之一。目前,我国不但大量进口转基因大豆,而且具有自主知识产权的转基因大豆已经具备了商业化种植的技术条件,然而转基因大豆向野生大豆基因漂移及其对野生大豆物种资源的影响已成为转基因大豆在我国进行商业化种植必须解决的核心问题。从转基因大豆与野生大豆之间的基因漂移、转基因大豆与野生大豆杂交后代的适合度等方面综述了国内外在转基因大豆向野生大豆基因漂移领域的研究进展,指出了包括转基因大豆与野生大豆杂交后代适合度评价研究方面存在的问题和不足,并提出了转基因大豆向野生大豆基因漂移研究方面的未来发展趋势。

With the large-scale commercial planting of genetically modified(GM)crops in the world,the gene flow from GM crops to their wild relatives and its environmental risks have become a new topic in the field of biosafety of GMs.Wild soybean is one of the most important biological resources in China.China has not only imported a large number of GM soybeans every year,but also started to carry out field experiments of GM soybeans with intellectual property rights,therefore,the gene flow of GM soybean to its wild relatives and its influence on natural resources are the core problems that must be solved before the commercialized planting of GM soybean in China.The research progress of gene flow from transgenic soybean to wild soybean at home and aboard are reviewed from the aspects of gene flow from GM soybean to its wild relatives and the fitness of hybrid offsprings.In this paper,the research progress of gene flow from GM soybean to wild relatives and the fitness of hybrid offsprings were reviewed.The problems existing in the fitness of hybrid offsprings and the study and the future development trend of gene flow from GM soybean to wild soybean are pointed out.