国歌认知与国家认同构建的实验政治心理学研究

Experimental Political Psychological study on National Anthem Cognition and National Identity Construction

作为所有现代民族国家的一种基本象征,国歌被认为具有激发爱国主义情绪和认知、强化国家认同的作用,本文通过设计一场政治心理学实验对此进行验证。实验以国歌音乐情绪(热认知)为自变量、国歌推理认知(冷认知)为中介变量、国家认同为因变量,基于问卷和心理生理测评工具测量了31名中国大学生。相关实验数据证明:第一,国歌与其他正性音乐相比,能够显著地诱发被试的情绪反应;第二,提高国歌推理认知水平有助于增强国家认同建构。同时,实验也发现了一种“反常”现象:被试的国歌推理认知水平和国家认同水平越高,其音乐情绪的波动越趋于平静。这一发现意味着,能够保持“平常心”的冷静听众或许是更加理性和真正的爱国者。可见,如何有效地在政治社会化过程中培养国歌的“倾听者”,是塑造国家的“倾心者”的关键所在。

This paper designs a political psychological experiment to test it.Thirty-one Chinese university students join the experiment based on questionnaires and psychophysiological assessment instruments,with musical mood of the national anthem(hot cognition)as the independent variable,reasoning cognition of the national anthem(cold cognition)as the mediator and national identity as the dependent variable.Experimental data demonstrate,first,that the national anthem does significantly evoke emotional responses compared to other positive songs,and second,that increasing the level of inferential cognition of the national anthem contributes to national identity construction.The experiment also identifies an“anomaly”:a higher level of subject s reasoning cognition of the national anthem and national identity is related to lower volatility of their musical mood.This finding implies that calm listeners who have“ordinary minds”may be more rational and are the true patriots,thus,how to effectively educate“listeners”to the national anthem in the process of political socialization becomes the key in cultivating the“admirers”of the nation.