国家治理、农地制度与农业供给侧结构性改革

State Governance,Rural Land System and Structural Reforms of Agricultural Supply Side

国家治理价值目标包含秩序、效率和公正。秩序价值对改革开放前的两次农地制度变迁施加了主导作用,家庭联产承包责任制的孕育过程证明了国家治理必须兼顾秩序、效率和公正。由于改革的渐进性和深刻的历史成因,农地制度一定程度上阻滞了要素供给,加剧了农业领域供需两端的结构性矛盾。均衡化的国家治理价值目标结构指引下的“三权”分置改革,有利于完善要素供给,各地对此进行了卓有成效的探索。通过总结地方经验和站在国家治理的高度上,发现农地制度改革应该强调政府的供给基本公共服务、吸纳农民改革意见、培育农村社会组织和拓展流转服务市场的职能。农业供给侧结构性改革的整体谋划应从国家治理的价值目标结构着眼,从政府具备对改革的支配性地位的体制背景出发,通过政府职能的主动转变以更好地发挥政府、市场、社会和农民的作用。

Due to the progressive feature of reform and historical reasons,the rural land system has impeded the factor supply that exacerbates the structural imbalance between supply and demand.The“division of three rights”,under the equalization of value of state governance,is conducive to supple of factors,which has been proved by productive explore.Based on empirical experience and holistic perspective of state governance,the reform of rural land system should underline governmental functions,such as providing basic public services,broadening the advice from peasantry,cultivating rural social organization,and expanding the transfer market.In a word,structural reform of agricultural supply side should dedicate to the transformation of government functions,which is supposed to be state-oriented.In this way,each stakeholder can play their respective roles.