精准扶贫背景下国家权力与村民自治的“共栖”

Cohabitation Between State Power and Village Self-governance: Based on the Background of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Program

国家权力与村民自治的“共栖”是精准扶贫背景下国家权力以项目资源和官员下派等方式整合进入乡村带来的乡村社会治理变化。本文从“国家中心”“社会中心”“社会中的国家”三个视角梳理国家权力与村民自治的关系,以此作为解释“共栖”的理论起点。本文发现国家权力重新回归乡村社会对乡村基层治理产生了结构性影响,即国家权力下沉与村民自治并不是此消彼长的互斥关系,而是协调共生的“共栖”关系。乡村社会变迁并非单向过程,而是国家权力和乡村社会回应之间持续互动的结果。精准扶贫过程中贫困户识别和退出、产业引入和发展以及帮扶资源的分配和监督某种程度上影响了乡村内部发展,带来我国村民自治的新实践。“共栖”概念反映了我国乡村社会协调治理模式的探索,对村民自治实践具有重要意义。

This article traces the relationships between state power and village autonomy from three approaches of‘state-centered’,‘society-centered’and‘state in the society’as a theoretical starting point to explain‘cohabitation’.Based on the fieldwork in three villages,this article finds that there exists the“cohabitation”between state power and village self-governance during targeted poverty alleviation program.By analyzing the relationships between state power and village self-governance through state-society framework,this article finds state power back into the rural society will bring structural influence to rural grassroots governance.In fact,state power and village self-governance stay coordinated relationships instead of mutually exclusiveness.The rural social change is not a one-way process,but a result of continuous interaction between state power and rural social response.Through three aspects of targeted poverty alleviation program:identifying and exit of poor household,industrial introduction and development,and distribution of support resources,the state power brings new practice of village self-governance in rural China.