清代京畿地区的土地典交易

Research on Conditional Sales of Land in the Region Jifu Area in Qing Dynasty

清代京畿地区土地交易中的典,其内涵并不纯粹,而是跨越了从租佃到买卖这一地权交易体系的各个阶段,具有多样性表现。这种情况的出现既是当地民间对典与抵押两者认识模糊的产物,也是规避土地买卖纳税和旗民交产限制的结果。在旗地、旗租地交易的历程中,通过“典租”等形式的应用又使得典与租佃发生内在联系,二者相互浸透,互相包含。当地自发“构筑”的这套与典相关的,灵活处理土地财产的方式是民间日常与国家制度、成文法之间相互博弈时不断进行调试的结果。

The connotation of conditional sales of land in the region Jifu area in Qing Dynasty is not pure,it had spanned all stages of the land tenure trading system from renting to buying and selling with diverse performance.The emergence of this was not only a product of the local people’s blur cognition about conditional sales and mortgage.It was also the result of evading the restrictions and taxation on land sales and the restrictions on the transaction of the Banners land.In the course of trading banner’s land,the application of the forms such as“dian-zu”(典租)makes conditional sales and rent connected with each other.This set of methods related to the Conditional sales of land is the result of the folks gaming with the national system and the statute law.