太平天国时期京米筹措研究

Research on Beijing Grain’s Supply during the Taiping Rebellion

太平天国运动爆发后,清政府在咸丰年间经历了三次漕运危机,分别是咸丰三年南方四省漕粮停运,咸丰六年江浙受灾、海运减少,咸丰十年太平军进占江浙,海运停滞。为了应对粮食减少的情况,户部一面减成支放、折钱支放以减少支出;一面加紧筹措补充,通过沿海省份采买、西部省份粜变仓谷,以及收回南方各省漕折银等权宜之计,勉强维持了收放的平衡。从筹措京米的过程可以看出,外省面对朝廷的谕旨,不仅要考虑政令执行的难易程度,还需要结合本省的财政状况,以及考虑镇压“匪乱”军饷的急迫程度,在完成中央政令和镇压“匪乱”之间达到新的平衡。

The grain tribute was experienced three times stagnation during the Taiping rebellion,firstly four southern province’s grain tribute was suspended;secondly,the Jiangsu and Zhejiang province’s grain reduction due to drought;thirdly,because the rebel attack blocked the sea transportation.In order to cope with the food reduction,on the one hand,the households reduced their expenditures,and give silver instead of food;on the other hand,purchase grain from coastal provinces,sell warehouse’s grain in western provinces,and take back the silver of tribute grain,maintain the balance of income and expenditure.From the process of raising food for the imperial government,we can find local government should not only consider the difficulty of implementing the central government’s decree,but also need to achieve a new balance between the fulfillment of central government’s decree and the suppression of banditry and disorder,taking into account the financial situation of the provinces and the urgency of suppressing banditry and disorder.