论顾恺之玄学形神思想与人物画理论的建构

On Gu Kaizhi′s Metaphysical Thought of Form and Spirit and the Construction of Figure Painting Theory

顾恺之是杰出的画家、画论家,在晋朝玄学思想影响下,他的艺术创作主要围绕着人的“形”与“神”展开。同时,这些形神美学思想在他的人物画理论中凝结成“以形写神”“传神写照”“迁想妙得”三个核心命题。“以形写神”通过“骨”与“眼眸”的逼真描绘构成了实的部分,成为人物画艺术创作论的指导思想;“传神写照”与“迁想妙得”又成为艺术传达和艺术鉴赏的方法,构成了虚的部分。最终,顾恺之的形神兼备的艺术观念引发出虚实相生的艺术境界,丰富了“形神”范畴的美学内涵。

Gu Kaizhi is an outstanding painter and painting theorist.Under the influence of metaphysics in the Jin Dynasty,his art creation revolves around the"shape"and"spirit"of human beings.At the same time,these aesthetic thoughts of form and spirit condensed into three core propositions in his theory of figure painting,which are"depicting the spirit with form","conveying the spirit of the person"and"mobile imagination and magical achievement".The vivid depiction of"bone"and"eyes"by"depicting the spirit with form"constitutes the real part and becomes the guiding ideology of the theory of artistic creation of figure painting."conveying the spirit of the person"and"mobile imagination and magical achievement"have become the methods of art communication and appreciation,which constitute the virtual part.At last,Gu Kaizhi′s artistic concept of both form and spirit leads to the artistic realm of the combination of the virtual and real presenting,enriching the aesthetic connotation of the category of"form and spirit".