移风易俗治理中的“自由”话语冲突

On"Freedom"Discourse Conflicts in the Governance of Changing Customs and Traditions

移风易俗作为社会主义精神文明建设的组成部分,是社会治理的重要范畴。为探寻学界关于“政府在移风易俗治理中应承担何种角色”之争论产生的缘由,有必要对风俗治理主体的历时性变化进行梳理。借助历时性图景的展现可以看出,风俗变革在历史空间中具有因应于特定情境的结构性维度,其背后往往隐含着不同时代为应对自身困境所进行的深层体制性调整。为挖掘时下政府风俗角色争辩体制根源的具体内容,拟以浙南J县的两个移风易俗案例为切口,对治理主体和治理客体“自由”语汇中内涵侧重和价值诉求进行剖析后发现,两者视阈中的“自由”话语不仅内含对公私领域界限的认知差异,且包含有对自由和法治关系的不同理解,而这种现象背后折射出的是国家面向社会输出的“依法治国”政策导向与面向自身输出的“全能主义”行为导向之间以及全能主义政府向有限权力政府过渡阶段政治制度变迁与社会思想转变之间存在的明显罅隙。若要减缓乃至消弭移风易俗治理中不同自由话语内部的冲突,其关键就在于缩短两组关系间的距离。

As an integral part of the construction of socialist spiritual civilization,changing customs and traditions is an important category of social governance.In order to explore the reasons for the debate about"what role the government should play in the governance of changing customs and traditions"in the academic world,with the display of the diachronic picture of the subject of custom governance,it can be seen that the change of customs and traditions has a structural dimension corresponding to specific situations in the historical space,which often implies deep institutional adjustments of different eras in response to their own dilemmas.In order to explore the specific content of the institutional roots of the current controversy about the role of government in changing customs and traditions,it is proposed to take two influential cases of changing customs and traditions in J County of Zhejiang Province as the perspective.After analyzing the connotation emphasis and value appeal in the"freedom"vocabulary of the governance subject and the governance object,it is found that the"free"discourses in the two perspectives not only contain cognitive differences in the boundaries between the public and private spheres,but also contain different understandings of the relationship between freedom and the rule of law.This phenomenon reflects two clear gaps between policy orientation of“ruling the country by law”and behavior orientation of"totalism",and between the change of political system and the change of social thought in the transition period of the totalism government to the limited power government.Therefore,if we want to slow down or even eliminate the conflicts within different free discourses in the governance of changing customs and traditions,the key is to shorten the distance between the two groups of relations.