论作为责任阻却事由的特殊防卫

On the Special Defense as a Cause of Non-imputability

我国刑法规定的特殊防卫是因缺乏期待可能性而阻却责任的事由,而非基于法益权衡理论阻却不法的事由。防卫权与正当防卫制度属于不同的法理范畴,正当防卫的制度目的是限制防卫权,而非鼓励和保护防卫权。刑法关于特殊防卫的规定应为拟制条款,而非注意规定。司法实务始终奉法益权衡理论为教义,完全没有必要将特殊防卫理解为注意规定,反而应注重其责任阻却事由的内涵。特殊防卫是以期待可能性为教义,在一般防卫过当的前提下,客观可能而主观不可能的情形。在适用特殊防卫时,应注重总结司法经验,形成对期待可能性的客观判断。

Special defense stipulated in Chinese Criminal Law is a cause to prevent from responsibility due to lack of anticipated possibility,rather than a cause to prevent lawlessness based on the theory of balance of legal interests.The right of defense and justifiable defense system belong to different legal categories.The purpose of justifiable defense system is to limit the right of defense,but not to encourage and protect it.The provisions of the Criminal Law on special defense should be the legal fiction rather than attention.Unfortunately,judicial practice always follows the theory of balancing legal interests as a doctrine,so it is not necessary to understand special defense as attention to regulation.On the contrary,we should pay attention to the connotation of the cause of non-imputability.Special defense is a situation which is based on anticipated possibility and is objectively possible but subjectively impossible under the premise of over-defense.In the application of special defense,we should pay attention to the summary of judicial experience and form an objective judgment of anticipated possibility.