《时间箭》中人的弃物化书写及其伦理意义

Writing of Wasted Human Beings and Its Ethical Implications in Time's Arrow

目前学界关于马丁·艾米斯《时间箭》的研究多集中在“角色转换”与时间倒置上,而未重视人的弃物化书写在揭示大屠杀“罪行的本质”上发挥的独特作用。艾米斯从园中野草沦为弃物出发,将大屠杀本质阐释为现代性语境下两种相互关联的弃物化暴力:受害者因纳粹构序计划而在肉体上遭遇的弃物化与施害者因责任让渡而在伦理上遭遇的弃物化。这一弃物化书写并非追求戏谑的后现代招式,而是有其伦理意义。除挑战将大屠杀视为现代文明失败这一范式外,弃物化书写还意在借助“恶心的可笑”邀请读者对历史罪责进行伦理判断,使之检审其身上被遮蔽的平庸之恶,从而为克制现实中的核武器大屠杀焦虑提供可能切口。

While focusing on“doubling”and time inversion,the current studies on Martin Amis's Time's Arrow pay little attention to the special role of the writing of wasted human beings playing in exposing“the nature of the offence”.Starting from the detail that the weeds in a garden are degraded to waste,Amis interprets the nature of the Holocaust as two kinds of interrelated violence of being wasted under the context of modernity:the victim's wasted experience in terms of body due to Nazi's order project and the perpetrator's wasted experience in terms of ethics due to responsibility transfer.Instead of a postmodern trick of pursuing pranks,the writing of being wasted has its own ethical implications.In addition to challenging the paradigm regarding the Holocaust as the failure of modern civilization,Amis's writing of being wasted lies in asking the readers to make ethical judgement on the responsibility of the Holocaust through“nasty fun”.Meanwhile,it also aims at having the readers examine their own evil of banality,which may provide possible solutions to the anxiety of nuclear Holocaust in reality.