F1代杂交种品种权保护:特点、问题及规制

Plant Varieties Protection of F1 Generation of Hybrids:Characteristics,Problems and Regulation

F1代杂交种由亲本杂交而成,这一复杂的遗传背景所决定了具有亲本品种新颖性不易丧失、亲子之间遗传信息不对称以及亲本材料不可获得三个特点,由此引发F1代杂交种品种权保护异化、遗传信息公开不充分和研究豁免制度实施受阻三方面问题。针对上述问题,建议通过规定亲本品种的新颖性随F1代杂交种销售或“宽限期”届满而丧失;明确说明书撰写标准、要求提交亲本品种的繁殖材料、建立品种权申请材料真实性承诺制度以及亲本品种来源真实性鉴定制度;建立授权品种繁殖材料交易机制,并制定保障繁殖材料权利人合法权益的具体措施来进行该品种权的保护。

Determined by the complex genetic background of parental hybridization,F1 generation of hybrid possesses three characteristics:the novelty of parent variety is not easy to lose,the genetic information between parents and chil⁃dren is asymmetric and the parental materials are not available.This triggered three problems of alienation protection for F1 generation of hybrids,inadequate disclosure of genetic information and obstruction of research exemptions.Some suggestions are proposed in the paper:the novelty of F1 generation of hybrids should be able to be defeated after sale or with the expiration of the sale"grace period";the writing standards of the specification should be clarified;the repro⁃duction materials of the parent varieties should be required to be submitted;authenticity promise system for filing docu⁃ment and materials and resource authenticity appraisal system for parent varieties should be established;a trading mechanism for authorized breeding materials should be established as well,and specific measures to protect the legiti⁃mate rights and interests of the copyright holders of breeding materials should be formulated.