疫情之下全球教与学面临的挑战与应对之策——OECD《2020应对COVID-19教育指南》解析与思考

Challenges and Solutions in Teaching and Learning in the COVID-19 Crisis:Analysis and Reflection based on OECD’s“A Framework to Guide an Education Response to COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020”

为了支持各国在疫情期间进行合理的教育决策,实施有效的教育应对措施,2020年4月1日,OECD联合哈佛大学研究生院发布了《2020应对COVID-19教育指南》。《指南》从学校、教师和学生三个层面,分析了各国教育系统所面临的共同挑战:学校难以保证学生的学习质量,缺乏数字化基础设施和有深度的多方合作;教师缺乏ICT能力和教师之间的深度合作,需要重构师生关系和创新教学设计;学生需要转变学习模式和调整心理健康状态,弱势学生群体的基本学习条件无法得到保障。为此,进一步提出了具体的教育应对策略:在宏观教育系统层面,建议设立专门的领导小组,制订指导性纲领,建立跨部门合作机制以及加强教育的公平性和包容性;在中观学校层面,建议整合校内外教学资源,建立日常沟通渠道以及加强跨校合作;在微观师生层面,建议提升教师的责任感和领导力,构建教师专业合作网络,鼓励师生共同探索创新性教学模式以及提升学生的自主学习能力。对《指南》进行深入解读和分析,有助于我们构建符合时代发展需求的“包容·合作·赋能”的教育新生态。

In order to support global education systems to respond to the impacts of COVID-19 effectively,on 1st April 2020,OECD and Harvard University have published a joint report named A Framework to Guide an Education Response to COVID-19(hereafter:Guide).This“Guide”has firstly analysed the major challenges in teaching and learning faced by global education systems under the influence of COVID-19.For schools,they are hard to guarantee the quality of student learning,lacking ICT infrastructures and in-depth multi-dimensional cooperation are insufficient;for teachers,they are lacking ICT competence and professional cooperation,innovation in teaching practices,and need to reconcile student-teacher relationship;for students,they are in need of new learning strategies,good learning conditions and adjusting their mental state.To address the above listed challenges,this Guide has put forward recommendations of developing strategies for stakeholders in education.At the macro-educational level,it is necessary to build a steering committee to coordinate the education response,to define the principles and guidance,to establish a cross-dimensional coordination mechanism and enhance the education equity and inclusiveness.At the meso-educational level,it is suggested to coordinate resources in and out of schools,establish daily communication channels and encourage cooperation across schools.At the micro-educational level,it is suggested to improve teachers’leadership and sense of responsibility,build teacher networks for professional cooperation,encourage both teachers and students to explore innovation in teaching and learning,and support students to develop self-regulated learning.Through an in-depth analysis and refection of this Guide,this article will help China to build a new“inclusive,cooperative and empowering”education ecosystem that is in line with the needs of social development.