计算思维该如何评?--基于国内外14种评价工具的比较分析

How to Evaluate Computational Thinking:Comparative Analysis based on Domestic and Foreign Evaluation Tools

在信息时代,计算思维如同阅读、写作和算术一样,已经成为解析问题不可缺少的基本能力之一。评价作为衡量学习者计算思维水平以及判断计算思维教育成效的关键环节,在国内的计算思维研究中仍然比较欠缺。基于此,从文献的视角出发,对国内外14种典型的计算思维评价工具从评价对象、评价内容、工具类型等方面,展开多维比较与深入分析。结果表明,计算思维评价工具可以划分为基于试题、基于量表、基于编程任务、基于系统环境四种类型。计算思维评价工具是需要在实践中不断更新和完善的,不管是一线教师还是计算思维研究者,都可以根据具体的评价需求单独使用或综合运用相关评价工具,以促进学习者计算思维的发展。而对于未来计算思维评价工具的发展,我国学者可以依据计算思维的理论框架,遵循相应的开发原则,组建专业的开发团队,确定科学的评价指标,自主开发本土化的计算思维评价工具,为推进我国计算思维教育的发展贡献智慧。

In the information age,computational thinking,like reading,writing,and arithmetic,has become one of the indispensable basic abilities to problem solving.Evaluation,as a key link to measure the level of computational thinking of learners and judge the effectiveness of computational thinking education,is still lacking in the research of computational thinking in China.Based on this,from the perspective of literature,this study carried out a multidimensional comparison and in-depth analysis on the evaluation objects,evaluation contents and tool types of 14 typical evaluation tools of computational thinking abroad.The results show that the evaluation tools of computational thinking can be divided into four types:the question based,the scale based,the programming task based and the system environment based.Computational thinking evaluation tools need to be constantly updated and improved in practice.Both front-line teachers and computational thinking researchers can use the evaluation tools individually or comprehensively to promote the development of learners’computational thinking according to specific evaluation needs.For the development of computational thinking evaluation tools in the future,Chinese scholars can set up a professional development team to make scientific evaluation indicators and independently develop localization computational thinking evaluation tools according to the theoretical framework of computational thinking and the corresponding development principles to contribute wisdom to the development of computational thinking education in China.