修辞语篇中的问句叙事——《梅雨之夕》和《封锁》中问句的语用修辞比较

Interrogative Narrative in the Rhetoric Discourse--A Pragmatic and Rhetoric Comparison of Questions in The Dusk of Plum Rains and Blockade

典型叙事作品(语篇)中的问句,较为充分地体现了问答双方的主体间性和问句(非真值条件句)及其他类型的叙事句之间的互文性,是主体之间和文本之间交织交互的"亮点",是衔接和助推叙事展开的张力的一种"力的作用点"。施蛰存《梅雨之夕》和张爱玲《封锁》中都有一定的零标记问句。《梅雨之夕》中的零标记问句主要是分布于内心"独白"或思忖之中,《封锁》中的零标记问句则主要分布于对话中。《梅雨之夕》和《封锁》中单一标记问句差别较小。复合标记问句主要见于施蛰存《梅雨之夕》,张爱玲《封锁》较为少见。复合标记分为连续型和离散型两大类。《梅雨之夕》和《封锁》区别最大的是三句组合问。总的说来,由零标记、单一标记到复合标记再到并用标记,施蛰存《梅雨之夕》和张爱玲《封锁》中的问句形式逐步复杂,语气总体趋强,且各得其所,各具语用价值,各具风格。

There are certain zero mark questions both in Shi Zhecun’s The Dusk of Plum Rains and Zhang Ailing’s Blockade.The zero mark questions in The Dusk of Plum Rains are mainly distributed in inner monologues or thoughts,while the zero mark questions in Blockade are mainly distributed in the dialogue.There is a single tag question in both of them,six in The Dusk of the Plum Rains and seven in Blockade.The composite tag questions were mainly seen in Shi Zhecun’s The Dusk of Plum Rains,while Zhang Ailing’s Blockade was relatively rare.Composite markers are divided into two categories:continuous composite and discrete composite.There are a certain number of combined questions in these two books,comparatively speaking,the biggest difference between them is the three-sentences combined question.There were 7 cases in The Dusk of Plum Rains,but there were no typical three-sentences combined question in Blockade.Generally speaking,from zero mark,single mark to compound mark,and then to mixed mark,the form of questions in Shi Zhecun’s The Dusk of Plum Rains and Zhang Ailing’s Blockade is gradually complicated,the tone is generally strong,and each has its own place,pragmatic value and style.