荷兰老年长期照护服务的政策演进、实践逻辑及价值启示

Policy Evolution,Practice Logic and Value Enlightenment of Long-Term Care Service for the Elderly in the Netherlands

荷兰的老年长期照护服务起源较早,相关制度体系日趋完善,然而老龄化与失能化的双重冲击持续带来新问题,为此荷兰出台了一系列法案并采取相应举措进行积极回应。基于“国家福利责任”理念,荷兰老年长期照护服务在经历萌芽、立法、改革等阶段的历史演进中,逐渐形成了统一规范的需求评估、充分自由的服务选择权以及多元丰富的服务内容等一系列实践逻辑,保障了高质量照护服务的可获得性和可持续性。中国与荷兰在发展过程中面临相似的问题,荷兰经验可为我国提供以下价值启示:制定和完善独立的老年长期照护法律法规;精准定位照护服务对象;扩大服务对象的自主选择权。

Long-Term care for the elderly in the Netherlands originated earlier and it has been developed into a relative perfect system.However,accompanied by the twin shocks of aging and disability,new problems have continuously emerged,so the Netherlands have to take out a series of bills and measures to respond positively.Based on the concept of"State Welfare Responsibility",a series of practical logics such as unified and standardized needs assessment,full and free service options and multi-rich service contents have been gradually formed in the historical evolution of long-term care service for the elderly in the Netherlands including the stages of embryo,legislation and reform,so that the availability and sustainability of high-quality care services are guaranteed.China and the Netherlands are facing similar problems in the development process.The experience of the Netherlands can provide the following value enlightenment for China:formulating and improving independent long-term care laws and regulations for the elderly,accurately positioning the care service object and expanding the independent choice right of the service object.