呼吸道变态反应性炎症对鼻高反应性的影响及其神经机制

Impact of Allergic Airway Inflammation on Nasal Hyperactivity and the Neural Mechanism

目的探讨呼吸道变态反应性炎症对鼻高反应性的影响及其可能存在的与副交感神经相关的神经机制。方法建立大鼠变应性鼻炎和哮喘动物模型并分为4组:变应性鼻炎组(AR)、哮喘组(AS组)、AR对照组、AS对照组。通过鼻高反应性实验比较动物模型鼻高反应性的差异,并通过ELISA(酶联免疫吸附实验)检测鼻腔灌洗液中P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)分泌水平,比较各组间这两种感觉神经肽的差异;并进一步采用抗胆碱药(0. 03%异丙托溴铵喷鼻剂)喷鼻干预鼻腔副交感神经后比较气道高反应性以及P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)分泌水平在干预前后的差别。结果 AR组、AS组鼻高反应性与AR对照组和AS对照组相比明显增高。AR组、AS组鼻腔灌洗液中SP以及CGRP水平,与AR对照组和AS对照组相比明显增高。抗胆碱药喷鼻干预鼻腔副交感神经后,AR组、AS组鼻高反应性以及鼻腔灌洗液中SP与CGRP水平均有明显降低。结论变态反应性呼吸道疾病的致病过程中可能通过神经轴索反射促使鼻腔黏膜产生更高水平的SP和CGRP这两种感觉神经肽,从而促发鼻高反应性状态的产生,这种病理改变能通过干预鼻腔副交感神经达到一定程度的抑制。

Objective To investigate the impact of allergic airway inflammation on nasal hyperactivity(NH)and the possible neural mechanism associated with parasympathetic nerve.Methods Rat models of allergic rhinitis and asthma were established and divided into 4 groups:allergic rhinitis group(AR group),asthma group(AS group),AR control group and AS control group;the NH differences among the rat models in the 4 groups were observed;the levels of P substance(SP)and calcitonin gene-related peptides(CGRP)in nasal lavage fluid were detected by ELISA and a comparative study was made to the difference between the 2 sensory neuropeptides(SNP)among the 4 groups;anticholinergic drugs(0.03%isopropyl bromide nasal spray)as an intervention to naval parasympathetic nerve was further applied,and the differences in the airway hyperreactivity and the secretion levels of SP and CGRP before and after intervention were studied.Results The NH and the levels of SP and CGRP in nasal lavage fluid were higher in the model rats in AR group and AS group than those in AR control group and AS control group;after the intervention with the nasal spray of anticholinergic drugs to naval parasympathetic nerve,the NH and the levels of SP and CGRP in nasal lavage fluid in the model rats in AR group and AS group dropped down significantly.Conclusions Nasal mucosa may possibly secret higher levels of the 2 sensory neuropeptides:NH and CGRP in the pathogenesis of allergic respiratory diseases,which promotes the occurrence of NH;intervention to naval parasympathetic nerve can inhabit,at certain degree,the pathological changes.