压力容器和压力管道应力腐蚀开裂机理及影响因素分析

Analysis of Stress Corrosion Cracking Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Pressure Vessels and Pressure Pipes

压力容器是指盛装气体或者液体,承载一定压力的密闭设备,最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa(表压)的气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体、容积大于或者等于30L且内直径(非圆形截面指截面内边界最大几何尺寸)大于或者等于150mm的固定式容器和移动式容器;压力管道是指利用一定的压力,用于输送气体或者液体的管状设备,最高工作压力大于或者等于0.1MPa,介质为气体、液化气体、蒸汽或者可燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、最高工作温度高于或者等于标准沸点的液体,且公称直径大于或者等于50mm的管道,公称直径小于150mm,且其最高工作压力小于1.6MPa(表压)的输送无毒、不可燃、无腐蚀性气体的管道。应力腐蚀开裂是影响压力容器和压力管道失去效果的主要模式之一,就压力容器和压力管道应力腐蚀开裂的机理及影响因素进行分析。

A pressure vessel refers to a sealed device that contains a gas or a liquid and carries a certain pressure.Its scope stipulates that the highest working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa(gauge pressure)of gas,liquefied gas and the highest working Liquids with a temperature higher than or equal to the standard boiling point,a volume greater than or equal to 30L,and an inner diameter(non-circular cross-section refers to the maximum geometric size of the inner boundary of the cross-section)greater than or equal to 150mm;fixed and mobile vessels;pressure piping refers to the use of A certain pressure is used to transport gas or liquid tubular equipment,the scope of which is specified as the highest working pressure is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa,the medium is gas,liquefied gas,steam or combustible,explosive,toxic,corrosive,maximum working temperature Pipes with a liquid higher than or equal to the standard boiling point and a nominal diameter greater than or equal to 50mm,with a nominal diameter less than 150mm and a maximum working pressure of less than 1.6MPa(gauge pressure)for conveying non-toxic,non-flammable,non-corrosive gases Except for the pipeline to which the device body belongs.Under the influence of stress corrosion cracking,pressure vessels and pressure pipes will have one of the main modes of loss of effectiveness.This article analyzes the effects of stress corrosion cracking mechanisms on pressure vessels and pressure pipes and considers countermeasures.