颠覆性技术创新的政策需求分析--以智能交通为例

Analysis of Policy Requirements for Disruptive Technological Innovations:Taking Intelligent Transportation as an Example

由于颠覆性技术创新具有科学突破性、长周期性、替代性、产业爆发性、价值跃迁性等特点,需要在不同的发展阶段进行不同的政策支持,特别是对于政府导向的重大颠覆性技术创新,更需要在关键技术研发和应用场景创造方面给与大力支持。智能交通作为政府导向的颠覆性技术创新,随着智能交通技术由基础技术体系、关键技术向技术融合发展转变,其政策支持也经历了由支持基础研发为主的供给型政策到以支持应用示范为主的需求型政策,再到以财税优惠和产业规制为主的环境型政策的转变。同时,本文认为应该注重颠覆性技术的阶段识别和应用场景开放,完善早期的培育政策和后期的市场引导政策,才能更好的促进我国颠覆性技术的产生和发展。

Disruptive technological innovation has the characteristics of scientific breakthrough,long-period,alternative,explosive industry,and value transition,so it needs different policy support in different development stages. Especially for the government-oriented major disruptive technological innovation,it is necessary to give strong support in the development of key technologies and the creation of application scenarios. Intelligent transportation is a government-oriented disruptive technological innovation. With the transformation of intelligent transportation technology from basic technology systems and key technologies to technology integration,its policy support has also undergone a transition from a supply-based policy that supports basic R&D to a demand-based policy that supports application demonstration,and then to an environmental-based policy that focuses on fiscal preferences and industrial regulations. At the same time,this article believes that we should pay attention to the stage identification of disruptive technology and the opening of application scenarios,and improve the early cultivation policy and the later market guidance policy in order to better promote the generation and development of disruptive technology in China.