论民法典合同解除权消灭规则——《民法典》合同编第五百六十四条评注

On the Extinguishing Rules of the Right to Terminate the Contract in the Civil Code:Commentary on Article 564 of the Contract Part of The Civil Code

《民法典》合同编第五百六十四条规定了合同解除权的消灭规则,合同解除权因当事人逾期不行使而消灭。在《民法典》的立法过程中,该条文规定相继经历了数次变动演化,最终形成逻辑严密的相关表述。对于《海商法》《保险法》等法律特别规定或者当事人合意约定的解除权行使期限,无须进行催告,只要该期限经过,解除权就绝对地消灭。对于法律没有规定或者当事人没有约定的情形,合同解除权的行使期限为一年,是否催告均不影响解除权因逾期行使而消灭。非解除权人进行催告的,合理期限的确定比未催告情形下更短,应综合考虑合同标的和合同类型、合同履行情况、交易习惯、诚信原则来确定合理期限。《民法典》合同编第五百六十四条的规定有效弥补了《合同法》第九十五条的法律漏洞,有利于敦促解除权人及时决定是否解除合同,使得合同权利义务关系尽早得以确定。

Article 564 of the contract part of The Civil Code stipulates the extinguishing rules of the right to terminate the contract.The right to terminate the contract shall be extinguished if the parties do not exercise it within the time limit.In the legislative process of The Civil Code,the provisions of this article have undergone several changes and evolution,and finally formed a logical and strict expression.As for the time limit for exercising the right to terminate the contract specially stipulated in the Maritime Law,Insurance Law and other laws or agreed by the parties,there is no need to urge.As long as the time limit passes,the right to terminate the contract will be absolutely extinguished.For circumstances not stipulated by law or not agreed upon by the parties,the exercise time limit of the right to terminate the contract is one year.Whether to urge or not does not affect the extinguishment of the right to terminate the contract due to overdue exercise.If the person who is not the obligee of contract termination makes an urge,the reasonable time period shall be determined shorter than in the case of no urge.The reasonable time period shall be determined by considering the subject matter of the contract,the type of the contract,the performance of the contract,the trading habits and the principle of good faith.Article 564 of the contract part of The Civil Code effectively makes up for the legal loopholes of article 95 of the Contract Law,which is beneficial to urging the right holder to promptly decide whether to terminate the contract,so that the contractual rights and obligations can be determined as soon as possible.