隐形矫治与传统直丝弓固定矫治技术在不同年龄段中的应用研究

Application of invisalign and fixed appliance techniques in different age groups

目的评估隐形矫治与传统固定矫治对口腔矫治者在舒适度、固位和牙周健康的影响。方法接受口腔矫治治疗患者60例,按矫治器类型分A、B两组各30例。A组采用固定矫治器,分A1(15例,年龄<18岁)和A2组(15例,年龄≥18岁);B组选用隐形矫治器,分B1(16例,年龄<18岁)和B2(14例,年龄≥18岁)组。比较两组矫治治疗前、接受治疗后6个月牙周健康指数及矫治等情况。结果治疗1周内,两组VAS评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月,A组患者牙龈指数(CI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、龈沟探诊深度(SPD)和菌斑指数(PLI)均较治疗前明显增高,A1组SPD和PLI高于A2,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B1与B2则与治疗前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗6个月B1、B2组CI、SBI、SPD和PLI分别低于A1、A2组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组达到治疗预期效果所需时间明显长于A组(P<0.05)。结论隐形矫治不会对患者牙周健康造成明显的不良影响;提示隐形矫治较固定矫治可能更有利于维护口腔卫生。

Objective To evaluate the clinical comfort,retention and periodontal health of oral patients with invisible orthodontic or traditional fixed orthodontic techniques.Methods Sixty patients from 12 to 60 years old,who underwent orthodontic treatment,were divided into groups A and B according to the type of appliance,30 in each group.The group A was treated with traditional straight wire arch fixation appliance and they were further divided into A1 group(n=15,age<18 years old)and A2 group(n=15,age>18 years old).The group B was treated with the invisible appliance and they were further divided into B1 group(n=16,age<18 years old)and B2 group(n=14,age>18 years old).The periodontal health index and retention before and after 6 months of treatment were compared between the two groups.Results Within one week of treatment,there was no significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After 6 months of treatment,gingival index(GI),sulcus bleeding index(SBI),sulcus probing depth(SPD)and plaque index(PLI)of patients in the group A were increased compared with before treatment and SPD and PLI of the A1 group were higher than that of the A2 group(P<0.05).After 6 months treatment,there was no significant difference in periodontal index between the subgroup B1 and B2(P>0.05).After 6 months treatment,GI,SBI,SPD and PLI,in the B1 and B2 subgroups were lower than those in the A1 and A2 subgroups,respectively(P<0.05).Time required achieving the expected effect of treatment in the group B was longer than that in the group A(P<0.05).Conclusion The invisible orthodontic technique does not have obvious adverse effects on the periodontal health of patients,suggesting that invisible appliances may be more conducive to maintain oral hygiene than traditional straight wire arching appliances.