人口老龄化引发的负面经济影响及对策

Negative Economic Impact and Countermeasures of Aging Population

随着生育率下降与预期寿命延长,老龄化日益严重。尽管生育率下降将减轻女性育儿责任,增加女性劳动供给,但是总体上,如果不能改变低生育现状,未来劳动力供给必然会减少,制约长期经济增长。文章在深入探讨老龄化对经济增长影响的基础上,认为,为解决劳动供给减少带来的影响,某种程度上可通过延迟退休增加劳动供给,但为提高老年人劳动参与率和工作效率,也要关注老年人口的健康问题,满足老年人对公共服务的需求,提高私人和公共部门提供健康和长期护理的能力。此外,还可采取吸引国外移民,增加公共教育和培训等方面人力资本投资,提高劳动供给质量等策略。

With fertility rates falling and life expectancy rising,aging is getting worseOf course,the decline of fertility rate will reduce the responsi⁃bility of female child⁃rearing and increase the supply of female laborHowever,on the whole,if the current situation of low fertility cannot be changed,the supply of labor will inevitably decrease in the future,restricting economic growthTo dig out the root causes of the negative effect of aging on economic growth,in order to control the negative effects of short labor supply,to delay retirement,to some extent,can increase the labor sup⁃plybut in order to improve the elderly labor participation rate and work efficiency,attention also need to be paid on the health of the elderly popula⁃tion,the public services needs of the elderly,and the improvement of the private and public sector's ability to provide health and long⁃term careIn addition,efforts could be made to attract emigration,increase human capital investment in public education and training,and improve the quantity and quality of labour supply.