《民法典》中有追索权保理的法律构造

The Legal Nature of Recourse Factoring in Chinese Civil Code

有追索权保理的交易形态较为复杂,司法实践对其法律构造尚未形成统一认识,选取一条符合当下交易实践需求的法律关系解释进路,是化解有追索权保理案件中裁判分歧的基础。我国《民法典》第766条将有追索权保理定性为债权让与担保,同时,为消除担保权构造下隐性担保对交易安全的危害,第768条将保理的登记对抗规则隐含在发生多重保理时保理人的权利顺位规则之中。此外,《民法典》第766条的规定巧妙地化解了保理人可否同时行使追索权和应收账款债权这一解释难题。

Due to the complexity of recourse factoring′s transaction form,the judicial practice has not yet formed a unified understanding of its legal nature.Choosing a legal interpretation approach that is in line with the current transaction practice is the basis to solve the divergence in the judgment of recourse factoring.Article 766 of the Civil Code of China stipulates the recourse factoring base on the theory of guarantee by the assignment of claims.At the same time,in order to eliminate the harm of implicit guarantee to the transaction security,Article 768 of the Civil Code of China implicitly reflects the registration confrontation rule of factoring through the description of the rules for conflicts of rights.In addition,article 766 of the Civil Code skillfully solves the problem of whether the factoring party can exercise the right of recourse and the creditor′s rights of accounts receivable at the same time.