2009—2018年深圳市罗湖区传染病聚集性疫情分析

Analysis on epidemic clusters of infectious diseases in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2018

目的分析2009—2018年深圳市罗湖区传染病暴发疫情的流行特征,为有效预防和控制传染病聚集性疫情提供科学依据。方法收集整理2009—2018年深圳市罗湖区传染病暴发疫情资料,运用描述流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果 2009—2018年深圳市罗湖区共报告传染病暴发疫情837起,发病6 697例,平均罹患率为6.5%,无死亡病例。其中流行性感冒412起(49.2%)、手足口病137起(16.4%)、水痘132起(15.8%)、感染性腹泻病67起(8.0%)、疱疹性咽峡炎48起(5.7%)、流行性腮腺炎21起(2.5%)、急性出血性结膜炎10起(1.2%)。托幼机构报告280起(占33.5%),以肠道传染病为主,平均罹患率为12.1%;小学报告467起(55.8%),以呼吸道传染病为主,平均罹患率为7.0%;中学报告71起(8.5%),以呼吸道传染病为主,平均罹患率为8.1%,托幼机构疫情平均罹患率显著高于中学,中学显著高于小学(χ^2=64.421、9.159,均P<0.01)。传染病暴发疫情主要发生在3、5、6、11和12月,占疫情总数的65.2%(546/837)。结论 2009—2018年深圳市罗湖区传染病疫情逐年平稳上升,个别年份有病种流行,流行性感冒的疫情数常年位居疫情第1位,疫情发生和报告的主体是托幼机构和小学。应针对重点人群开展综合预防控制措施,托幼儿童以预防肠道传染病为主,学生群体以预防呼吸道传染病为主。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2018,provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control of epidemic clusters of infectious diseases.Methods The data of infectious disease outbreaks in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2018 were collected,and the comprehensive analysis was carried out by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 837 infectious disease outbreaks were reported in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2018,involving 6 697 patients,with the attack rate of 6.49%,and there was no death case. There were 412 events of influenza(49.2%),137 events of hand-foot-mouth disease(16.4%),132 events of chicken pox(15.8%),67 events of infectious diarrhea(8.0%),48 events of herpetic pharyngitis(5.7%),21 events of epidemic mumps(2.5%),and 10 events of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(1.2%). 280(33.5%) events were reported in nurseries,mainly intestinal infections,with average attack rate of 12.1%. 467(55.8%) events were reported in primary schools,mainly respiratory infections,with average attack rate of 7.0%. 71(8.5%) events were reported in secondary schools,mainly respiratory infections,with with average attack rate of 8.1%. The average attack rate in nurseries was significantly higher than that in secondary schools,while the average attack rate in secondary schools was significantly higher than that in primary schools (χ^2=64.421,9.159,both P<0.01). Most of infectious disease outbreaks occurred in March,May,June,November and December,accounting for 65.2% of total events(546/837). Conclusion The epidemic of infectious diseases in Luohu District of Shenzhen City from 2009-2018 shows a steady upward trend,and there are outbreaks of diseases in some years. Influenza always ranks first place on the number of epidemics. The outbreaks and reports mainly occur in kindergartens and primary schools. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be carried out for the key population. The prevention should focus on intestinal infectious diseases in kindergarten children,and respiratory infectious diseases in students.