天津市6~8月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血的影响因素分析

Influencing factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants at the age of 6-8-month-old in Tianjin

目的了解天津市6~8月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血发生情况并分析其影响因素,为预防婴儿贫血的发生提供参考依据。方法选取2016年1—6月天津市16个行政辖区到社区卫生服务中心进行健康检查的6~8月龄婴儿作为调查对象,分析婴儿缺铁性贫血的影响因素。结果共调查婴儿22659例,缺铁性贫血发病率为6.69%。低出生体重儿(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.74~3.15,P<0.01)、分娩前贫血(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.02~1.41,P<0.05)、分娩孕周<37周(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.29~2.21,P<0.01)、剖宫产或阴道手术产(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.16~1.51,P<0.01)及分娩产次≥3次(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.06~1.46,P<0.01)是婴儿缺铁性贫血的危险因素;女婴(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63~0.82,P<0.01)、非纯母乳喂养(混合喂养OR=0.58,95%CI:0.49~0.67,P<0.01;人工喂养OR=0.39,95%CI:0.28~0.54,P<0.01)、孕早期血红蛋白(Hb)高(OR=0.99,95%CI:0.98~0.99,P<0.01)是婴儿缺铁性贫血的保护性因素。结论天津市6~8月龄婴儿缺铁性贫血为多种影响因素联合作用所致,应加强对孕妇的健康教育及孕期保健管理,提倡母乳喂养的同时添加适量辅食,以有效降低婴儿缺铁性贫血的发生。

Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of iron deficiency anemia of 6-8-month-old infacts in Tianjin,in order to provide the basis for intervening measure of infant anemia.Methods Infants aged 6-8-month,who went to community health service centers for physical examination from January to June 2016 in 16 administrative districts of Tianjin were selected as research objects.The influencing factors of iron deficiency anemia in infants were analyzed.Results A total of 22659 infants were investigated.The incidence of iron-deficiency anemia was 6.69%.The low birth weight(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.74-3.15,P<0.01),anemia before delivery(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.02-1.41,P<0.05),gestational age<37 weeks(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.29-2.21,P<0.01),caesarean section or vaginal operation(OR=1.32,95%CI:1.16-1.51,P<0.01),the third and more times of delivery(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.06-1.46,P<0.01)were the risk factors of iron-deficiency anemia in infants.Female(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63-0.82,P<0.01),non-pure breast-feeding(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.49-0.67,P<0.01),artificial feeding(OR=0.39,95%CI:0.28-0.54,P<0.01),high hemoglobin(HB)in early pregnancy(OR=0.99,95%CI:0.98-0.99,P<0.01)were the protective factors of iron-deficiency anemia in infants.Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia of 6-8-month-old infants in Tianjin is caused by the combined effects of various influencing factors.In order to effectively reduce the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in infants,we should strengthen the health education and prenatal care management of pregnant women,promote breastfeeding,and add appropriate amount of complementary food.