论我国人工智能试验性立法

On the Experimental Legislation of Artificial Intelligence in Our Country

试验性立法在构建人工智能法律体系中能够发挥重要作用,不仅有助于收集信息、积累经验,使国家立法掌握人工智能法律调整的主动性,也有助于检验和改进相关理论,为人工智能法律体系的构建提供科学的理论依据。确定性和协调性是人工智能试验性立法需要认真对待的两个重要问题。确定性不仅指立法文本内容的确定与否,还包括相关主体对试验性立法效力的主观认知。协调性则涉及试验性立法作为一套新的制度体系同现行法律制度和理论体系的融合性问题。立法者在进行人工智能试验性立法时,应当遵循以人类为中心、人工智能权利有限等原则,对人工智能相关权利义务、技术研发和行政规制等内容加以规定。试验性立法可根据调整对象或内容不同而选择不同立法模式。日落条款作为试验性立法必备条款,是启动立法后评估以决定试验性立法去留的关键机制。

Experimental legislation plays an important role in the construction of AI’s legal system.It can help to collect the information,gather experience,make the state legislation master the initiative to regulate the AI,as well as to test and improve the related theories and provide the scientific theoretical basis for the construction of AI’s legal system.Certainty and coordination are two important issues which need to be taken seriously in the experimental legislation.Certainty not only means whether the legislative text is certain or not,but also contains the subjective cognition to the effect of experimental legislation.Coordination refers the integration between the experimental legislation as a new institute system and the current legal institutional and theoretical system.Legislators should obey some principles,such as anthropocentric principle,limited rights of AI,when they make the experimental legislation.They also need to regulate the relative rights and obligations,technology research and development,the administrative regulation,etc.Experimental legislation can choose different legislative model depending on the adjustment objects or contents.As a necessary clause of experimental legislation,sunset clause is the key mechanism to start the post legislative assessment in order to decide how to deal with the experimental legislation.