论中国哲学中的生态共同体思想——以《国语》为中心的考察

On the Thought of Ecological Community in Chinese Philosophy-An Investigation Centered on GuoYu

作为反映西周至春秋时期人们对于天道人事的认识和实践活动的典籍,《国语》蕴含着丰富的生态共同体思想。在《国语》中,山、薮、川、泽被视为“天之所支”“国之宝”,能够“备财用”、使“物有所归”,对于人类社会之维系以及天地自然之运行具有重要的价值。《国语》提出“祖识地德”以示对土地生生之德的敬畏与感恩。《国语》强调“蕃庶物”,体现了对于鸟、兽、鱼、虫等自然万物的生命关怀。通过以《国语》为中心的考察及中西比较可以发现,生态共同体思想是中国传统生态哲学一以贯之的传统,而且一开始即具备整体主义的特点,体现了人与自然的内在统一。

As an ancient book reflecting people's understanding and practice of heaven and human from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period,GuoYu contains rich ideas of ecological community.In GuoYu,mountains,swamps,rivers and lakes were regarded as the pillar of heaven and national treasure,providing national material use and a place where a large number of species live,which are of great value to the maintenance of human society and the operation of nature.GuoYu put forward the idea of“knowing the morality of the land”to show the awe and gratitude for the morality of the land.GuoYu emphasized“promoting the growth of everything”,which embodies the concern for the life of fish,animals,birds,insects and other natural things.Through the study of GuoYu and the comparison between China and the west,it can be found that the thought of ecological community is the consistent tradition of Chinese traditional ecological philosophy,and it has the characteristics of holism at the beginning,realizing the internal unity of human and nature.