高速列车隧道会车空气阻力数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation on air resistance of high speed trains crossing in tunnel

建立计算流体力学三维数值仿真模型,采用三维可压缩非定常湍流模型,利用重叠网格方法对高速列车隧道内等速交会过程进行动态数值模拟,分析会车过程中列车所受空气阻力的形成机理及分布特性。计算结果表明:隧道交会过程中,压差阻力对列车空气阻力的变化起主导作用,隧道交会对阻力峰值及峰峰值的影响比隧道单车大得多;列车隧道内交会时最大空气阻力是明线时的2.65倍,对应时刻的压差阻力和摩擦阻力分别为明线时的3.35倍、1.36倍;在交会完成前,头车表现为产生与速度方向相同的"推力",并呈现先增大后减小的趋势;尾车阻力最大,也呈现先增大后减小的趋势。

A three-dimensional compressible unsteady turbulence model is adopted for dynamic numerical simulation of the process of train intersection at same speed in tunnel by the overlapping grid method of computational fluid dynamics three-dimensional numerical simulation.The formation mechanism and the distribution characteristics of air resistance on trains during train meeting are analyzed.The results show that the pressure resistance plays a leading role in the change of air resistance of the train during the intersection process.The impact of the intersection on the peak and the peak-peak value of resistance is much larger than single train in tunnel.The maximum air resistance of the intersection is 2.65 times of that in open air,and the pressure resistance and the frictional resistance are 3.35 times and 1.36 times of that in open air respectively at the corresponding time.Before the completion of the rendezvous,the head-car showed"thrust"direction is the same as the running train,and shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing;the tail-car has the largest resistance and also shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.