挣脱不了的附郭命运:明清时期凤阳府临淮县的设置与裁并

The Fate of Being Attached to a Prefecture City:The Set-up and Cut-down of Linhuai Country

附郭县是指县级治所与州、府、省等上级政府机构治所设置于同一城内的特殊形态。历史上双附郭县,甚至是三附郭县并不少见,同处一城。但不同城的附郭县则颇为少见,显得极为怪异。明清时期凤阳府的临淮县,本来是明初中立府的附郭县,中立府改名凤阳府,将府治移至析临淮县设置的凤阳县内。明代多数文献由此认为仅凤阳县是凤阳府的附郭县,忽视了临淮县仍是实际上的附郭县,与凤阳县同样承担附郭义务。临淮县由此成为距离府治二十里的隐形附郭县。附郭县虽然相比普通县地位显要,有利于知县升迁,但因与府城距离太远,交通不便,对临淮县的财政和办公造成很大压力,经多次申请,直到万历三十二年才去附郭之浮名。明清时期淮河地区水患严重,经济凋敝,凤阳一县确实难以承担繁重的附郭义务。清初又令临淮县分担附郭的义务却没有了附郭名义。由于经常受到淮水的冲击,也不需要像明代一样保护帝乡,临淮县在清代已经没有设置的必要,最终在乾隆十九年被裁入凤阳县,改设临淮乡,又重新成为附郭县的一部分。临淮县因为历史地理的因素,虽不愿附郭,承担沉重的赋役压力,但在水患的不断影响下,仍挣脱不了被重新附郭的命运。

The Linhuai country of Fengyang prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was previously Fuguo country of Zhongli prefecture in the Early Ming Dynasty.After Zhongli prefecture changed its name into Fengyang,the seat of Fengyang prefecture moved to Fengyang country.Linhuai country became a hidden Fuguo country that was 10kms away from Fengyang prefecture.Fuguo country held a very important position in the prefecture,but it exerted huge financial and commuting pressure to Linhuai country due to its geographic distance.Not until 1604 that Linhuai country was removed of the Fuguo attribute.Because of frequent floods of the Huai River,Linhuai country was cut down and merged into Fengyang country in 1754.The district of Linhuai country became a portion of Fuguo country again.The people of Linhuai country were reluctant to return to Fuguo because they would have heavy burden of taxes,but still they could not avoid the fate.