关系建构:社区基金会参与基层社会治理的结构分析——基于上海市浦东新区Y社区的实地观察

Relation Construction:Structural Analysis of Community Foundation's Participation in Grass-roots Social Governance—An Empirical Observation Based on Y Community in Pudong New District of Shanghai

近年来,社会组织及其创新形式在基层社会治理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而,在对社会组织参与基层社区治理的角色、功能和机制进行解释时,已有研究强调类别属性而忽略社会关系结构的制约和影响。本文以上海市浦东新区Y社区基金会为例,从关系建构的结构性视角观察和分析该组织参与社区治理的过程。本文研究发现:社区基金会与政府间倾向于形成一种非对称性合作—依赖关系,与社区其他社会组织间呈现一种双向选择—共赢关系,并且与社区生态系统构成一种多层嵌入—共生关系。此外,研究进一步发现,不同的关系结构对社区治理的行动绩效会产生不同的意义和影响。这一研究为重新理解社会组织参与我国基层社会治理的内在机理提供了一个基于社会结构主义的中层理论基础和方法。

In recent years,community foundations as a representative form of social organization and grass-roots social governance model play an increasingly important role.However,when explaining the roles,functions and mechanisms of social organizations participating in community governance,existing studies have neglected the constraints and effects of social structure.Through the qualitative research on the participation of Y Community Foundation in the process of community governance in Pudong New Area of Shanghai,this paper observes,analyses and answers what kind of relation structure exists between community foundation and other community actors and how this relation structure is constructed.The study finds that community foundations and governments tend to form a cooperative relationship based on asymmetric dependence,a win-win relationship based on two-way choice with other social organizations in the community,and a symbiotic relationship with them on the basis of multi-level embedded community environment system.On this basis,the study further finds that different types of relationships have different meanings and impacts on the performance of community foundations in participating in community governance.This study provides a middle-level theoretical basis and method based on social structuralism for re-understanding the internal mechanism of social organizations participating in grass-roots social governance in China.