民法典人格权编中动态系统论的采纳与运用

On the Adoption and Application of Dynamic System Theory in the Compilation of Personality Rights in Civil Code

动态系统论通过规定法律规范中的不同因素和各因素的强度差异,突破了构成要件系统“全有全无”的不足,成为法律发展的新趋势。人格权编基于人格权保护中的位阶差异、利益冲突频发、保护程度差异、救济方式差异等原因,区分物质性人格权与其他人格权,对后者的民事责任确立采用动态系统论,考量行为人和受害人的职业、影响范围、过错程度、行为目的、行为方式、行为后果等因素,按法定顺序排列其权重。对人格权编中的“合理”“正当”“必要”等的解释,也需要借助动态系统考量。在人格权侵害的责任成立判断中,应根据法定因素及其顺序,通过因素间的互动综合考量,摒弃全有全无的责任成立。在责任形式、赔偿范围确定中,也应运用动态系统论。动态系统论还有增强法官论证义务、推动案例类型化整理的作用。

The dynamic system theory breaks through the deficiency of"all or none"in the system of constitutive elements by stipulating the different factors and the intensity differences of each factor in the legal norms,which is the trend of the development of law.Based on the differences of rank,frequent conflicts of interest,different degrees of protection and different ways of relief in the protection of personality rights,the dynamic system theory is adopted in the Compilation of Personality Rights in Civil Code.In the application of dynamic system theory,we should distinguish the material personality right and other personality rights.In the establishment of the latter’s civil liability,we should adopt dynamic system theory,considering the occupation of the actor and the victim,the influence scope,the degree of fault,the behavior purpose,the behavior mode,the behavior consequence and other factors,and arranging their weights according to the order in the law.The explanation of"reasonable","proper"and"necessary"also needs the help of dynamic system.In the liability establishment in personality right infringement,we should judge according to the legal factors and their order,through the comprehensive consideration of the interaction between the factors,and abandon the"all-or-none"mode.The determination of liability form and compensation scope should also use the dynamic system.The dynamic system theory can enhance the judge’s obligation in argumentation and promote the case classification.