国家治理体系中的检察机关:组织环境与法理构造

On Procuratorial Organs in National Governance System:Environment of Organizationand Structure of Jurisprudence

我国被认为属于能动型国家,中央政府具有改造社会的宏大愿景与统一的理论体系,国家政策实施是治理的基本内容之一。鉴于疆土辽阔导致的治理规模庞大、区域差异以及社会经济的转型变迁等因素,"行政发包制"成了我国在治理形式上的必然选择。不过,层层发包、逐级细化的政策实施路径同时也衍生出某些地方政府可能会偏离轨范、自作主张的负作用。对此,无论是行政体系内的常规考核检查,还是间断性的运动型治理,都无法起到理想意义上的纠偏矫正效用,故而在某些领域形成了一幅"治丝愈紊"的地方困局。在政策实施型司法的功能语境下,检察机关作为我国宪法所专门规设的法律监督机关,应当有所作为,须通过矫正行政违法、修复法律秩序而促成国家政策的统一实施。但由于组织环境的制约与权能不尽协调匹配的问题,使之采取了非竞争性的策略。就此而论,重塑法律监督制度具有关键性意义,这是回应新时代国家治理的需要。

China is an activist state which has great vision and uniform theory system to reform society.The administrative subcontract is an inevitable choice for national governance due to vast territory,regional difference and social transformation.However,this pattern of policy-implementing gives rise to deviation from spirits of our central government.This problem administrative internal check and evaluation and campaignstyle governance are invalid for leads to predicament of local governance.Therefore,it is necessary to start external supervision up.As national legal supervision organization regulated by constitution,procuratorial organs ought to implement the supervisory duty to bring about uniform implementation of national policy through restoration of legal order in the functional context of policy-implementing judiciary.But procuratorial organs adopts noncompetitive strategy to administrative organ as binding of organization environment and imbalance between powers and functions.In this regard,remolding legal supervision is not only to fulfill constitutional promise,but also to satisfy demand of national governance.