静电纺PLA梯度复合滤料的制备及过滤性能研究

Preparation and filtration performance of electrospun PLA compound filter with gradient structure

为提高对小直径颗粒的过滤效率,采用静电纺丝法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维毡,并将其与聚丙烯(PP)纺粘熔喷非织造基布复合,通过调节纺丝电压、纺丝时间和纤维毡层数,形成梯度结构复合过滤材料。结果表明:PLA静电纺纳米纤维的直径随着纺丝电压的升高而减小;PLA纳米纤维毡可显著提高PP纺粘熔喷非织造基布对小直径颗粒的过滤效率,随着纺丝时间和纳米纤维毡层数的增加,梯度结构复合滤料的过滤效率得到提高,但过滤阻力呈现上升趋势;当纳米纤维纤维毡层数为3层、每层纺丝时间为1.5 h时,复合滤料对0.3μm和0.5μm颗粒的过滤效率分别可达97.291%和98.862%,但过滤阻力达到39 Pa。

In order to improve the filtration efficiency of small diameter particles,compound filters made by electrospun polylactic acid(PLA)nanofiber mats and polypropylene(PP)spunbonded melt-blown nonwovens have been prepared.The gradient structure of compound filters was adjusted by changing the spinning voltage,spinning time and number of fiber mats.The research showed that the diameter of electrospun PLA decreased with the increase of spinning voltage.The addition of PLA nanofiber mats could obviously improve the filtration efficiency of PP nonwovens on small diameter particles.With the increase of spinning time and number of fiber mats,the filtration efficiency of compound filters was improved,but the filtration resistance showed an increasing tendency.When the number of fiber mats was 3 and the spinning time of each mat was 1.5 h,the filtration efficiency of compound filter on 0.3μm and 0.5μm particles could reach 97.291%and 98.862%respectively,but the filtration resistance was 39 Pa.