不同保水剂对旱地春玉米生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of different water-retention agents on yield and growth of dryland spring maize

保水剂的应用为旱地玉米实现高效生产提供了有力保障。为探究山西旱地玉米田适宜保水剂类型,通过为期2年的田间定位试验,研究了不同保水剂类型下旱地玉米生理指标及其产量的变化。试验共设置4个处理,分别为聚丙烯酸钾(PAAS)保水剂、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)保水剂、黄腐酸保水剂(HA),另以不施保水剂(CK)作为对照。结果表明,施用保水剂能有效缓解玉米生长前期的干旱胁迫,显著提高玉米苗期、拔节期的叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率以及地上部干物质累积量,降低玉米籽粒败育率,使秃顶长变小,同时玉米穗长、穗粒数以及单穗重增加,从而提高旱地玉米产量。不同保水剂类型作用效果不同,各指标均表现为PAAS>PAM>HA。与CK相比,PAAS处理玉米产量提高21.6%,穗长增加11.4%,穗粒数增加120粒,单穗重增加21.6%。为获得较高的玉米产量,PAAS可作为试验当地春玉米田保水剂的最佳选择。

The application of water retaining agent provides a strong guarantee for the realization of high efficiency production of dry land corn.In order to find out the suitable type of water retaining agent in corn field of dry land in Shanxi Province,the physiological indexes and yield changes of corn in dryland under different types of water retaining agents were studied through a two-year field positioning test.Four treatments including potassium polyacrylate(PAAS),polyacrylamide(PAM),fulvic acid(HA),and a control(CK)without water retaining agent.The results showed that the application of water retaining agents effectively alleviated the drought stress in the early stage of corn growth in the experimental area,significantly improved the leaf area index,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and dry matter accumulation in the above ground of corn at seedling and jointing stages,reduced the rate of corn grain abortion and the bald head length,and increased the ear length,the number of grains per ear and the weight of a single ear.This improved the dryland corn yield.Different types of water retention agents had different effects and they are ranked as PAAS>PAM>HA.Compared with CK,PAAS increased corn yield by 21.6%,ear length by 11.4%,grain number per ear by 120,and single ear weight by 21.6%.Therefore,PAAS could be used as the best choice of water holding agent in local spring corn field to obtain higher corn yield among the studied agents.