昆明翠湖越冬红嘴鸥日间行为节律及行为时间分配

Daily Rhythm and Behavioral Time Budget of Wintering Larus ridibundus in the Green Lake,Kunming

昆明翠湖是昆明越冬红嘴鸥Larus ridibundus的重要栖息地之一。为了解红嘴鸥越冬期的日间行为模式,掌握其活动规律,2017年11月-2018年2月和2018年11月-2019年2月,采用瞬时扫描法在翠湖水域对越冬红嘴鸥日间行为节律及行为时间分配进行了研究,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、单因素方差分析对不同时段内越冬红嘴鸥行为时间分配的差异进行了分析,并采用Pearson检验法检验了各行为间的相关性。结果表明,越冬期红嘴鸥行为时间分配比例为:觅食(44.01±1.70)%、休息(18.84±0.93)%、修整(9.44±1.00)%、警戒(2.45±0.57)%、行走(3.01±0.39)%、游泳(13.77±1.01)%和飞行(8.47±0.68)%。其中,行走和飞行行为在日间各时段内的差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),具有明显的日节律性变化,其他行为之间的差异无统计学意义;觅食(F=9.112,P<0.01)、休息(F=12.798,P<0.01)行为在不同月份间的差异有高度统计学意义,而警戒行为在不同月份间的差异有统计学意义(F=3.358,P<0.05),具有明显的月节律性变化。昆明翠湖越冬红嘴鸥在整个越冬期间以补充、积累能量为主;日间行为存在明显的"上午觅食+中午休息+下午觅食"的行为模式,一天中最主要的行为是觅食。

Green Lake is one of the important habitats for black-headed gulls(Larus ridibundus)overwintering in Kunming City.To understand the daily behavior patterns of wintering L.ridibundus,and to reveal the activity rules of them,from November 2017 to February 2018 and November 2018 to February 2019,the daily rhythm and behavioral time budget of L.ridibundus during the wintering period were investigated with scan-sampling method in the Green Lake,Kunming City,Yunnan Province.Kruskal-Wallis H and One-Way ANOVA were used to analyze the difference in the time budget of wintering L.ridibundus in different periods,and Pearson test was used to test the correlation between behaviors.The results showed that the ratio of behavioral time budget of L.ridibundus in the entire wintering were:foraging(44.01±1.70)%,resting(18.84±0.93)%,maintenance(9.44±1.00)%,alerting(2.45±0.57)%,walking(3.01±0.39)%,swimming(13.77±1.01)%and flight(8.47±0.68)%.For these behaviors,walking and flight behaviors were extreme significantly different in various time during the day(P<0.01)with obvious daily rhythm,while no significant difference was detected in other behaviors;foraging(F=9.112,P<0.01),resting(F=12.798,P<0.01)and alerting(F=3.358,P<0.01)were significantly different between different months.It is concluded that the overwintering L.ridibundus are mainly replenishing and accumulating energy during the whole wintering period in the Green Lake,and there is an obvious behavioral pattern of"foraging in the morning+resting at noon+foraging in the afternoon"in the daytime.