四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性和区系分析

Bird Diversity and Fauna Analysis in the Chaqingsongduo White-Lipped Deer National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

通过野外调查并结合相关文献,共记录四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区鸟类17目52科232种,其中,留鸟136种(58.62%),夏候鸟62种(26.72%),旅鸟29种(12.50%),冬候鸟5种(2.16%);古北界物种112种(48.28%),东洋界物种90种(38.79%),广布种30种(12.93%);世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录鸟类15种(濒危3种,易危4种,近危8种);国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生鸟类10种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类24种;中国特有鸟类14种。研究结果表明,在不同生境类型之间,Shannon-Wiener指数为灌丛最高(3.520),裸岩最低(2.548);在不同季节中,夏、秋季物种数目、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数均明显高于春、冬季,尤其在夏季,各项指数均达到最大值。鸟类群落多样性指数峰值均出现在海拔4 050~4 200 m,随着海拔升高,各项指数迅速下降,垂直分布格局呈现出明显的中峰模式。保护区具备多样的生境类型和丰富的鸟类物种多样性,其中还包括了相当数量的珍稀濒危物种和特有种,应加强调查研究和保护。研究保护区内鸟类多样性与区系,有助于了解其多样性分布现状和格局,为保护区管理提供科学参考。

Based on field survey and relevant references, there were 232 bird species(belonging to 52 families 17 orders) including 136 residents(58.62%), 62 summer visitors(26.72%), 29 passage migrants(12.50%)and 5 winter visitors(2.16%)in the Chaqingsongduo White-Lipped Deer National Nature Reserve(Sichuan Province). The avifauna had a highly mixed composition of faunal distribution types with 112 Palaearctic Realm species(48.28%), 90 Oriental Realm species(38.79%)and 30 widespread species(12.93%). Among of these bird species, 17 of them were listed in the IUCN Red List with 3 Endangered, 4 Vulnerable and 8 Near Threatened;10 and 24 species were legally listed in class Ⅰ and Ⅱ nationally key protected animals of China, respectively;and 14 bird speices were endemic to China. Furthermore, among different habitat types, the highest Shannon-Wiener index was detected in the shrub(3.520), and the lowest was detected in the bare rock(2.548). In different seasons, the number of species, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter, especially in summer, and all of the indexes reached the maximum values. The diversity index of bird commuties peaked between 4 050-4 200 m asl, showing a mid-altitude peak pattern. Therefore, the Chaqingsongduo White-Lipped Deer National Nature Reserve is a precious bird distribution area with diverse habitat types and rich bird species diversity, including a number of rare and endangered endemic species. The investigation and analysis of the bird resources and community diversity in the reserve are helpful to understand the bird survival status and provide data support for the formulation of conservation management policy.