仰观俯察:魏晋玄道思想下的审美视角及其诗歌显现

A Careful Study on the Aesthetic Perspective and Its Reflection in Poetry under the Metaphysical Thoughts of Wei and Jin Dynasties

在魏晋时期玄道学“原道论”“自然观”的影响下,魏晋文人秉承静观自然以悟道的传统,并在实践过程中具象化为通过对山水的仰观俯察以悟道。自此,仰观俯察的审美视角也成为魏晋文人的一种思维模式和审美经验,集中体现在“山水玄言诗”的诗歌创作上。魏晋文人通过俯仰山水从而体悟玄理,最终达到“物我合一”“神与物游”的精神自由之境。

Under the influence of the“original Taoism”and“nature view”of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties,the literati in Wei and Jin dynasties upheld the tradition of consciously observing nature and embodied it in the process of practice by observing mountains and rivers in order to grasp the truth.Since then,the aesthetic perspective of looking up and down had also become a thinking mode and aesthetic experience of the literati in Wei and Jin Dynasties,which is concentrated in the poetry creation of“landscape mystic poetry”.The literati in Wei and Jin dynasties understood metaphysics by observing mountains and rivers,and finally achieved the spiritual freedom of identity of object and self.