木霉生物有机肥对白菜和甘蓝产量及土壤微生物区系的影响

Effects of Trichoderma bio-organic fertilizer application on yield and soil microflora in Chinese cabbage and cabbage rotation system

[目的]本文旨在通过比较有机肥(OF)和木霉生物有机肥处理(BIO)对不同季白菜-甘蓝轮作产量及土壤微生物区系的影响,解析生物有机肥提高白菜和甘蓝产量的土壤微生物生态学机制,为白菜-甘蓝轮作高产栽培提供理论支撑。[方法]连续2季在白菜-甘蓝轮作体系下分别施用有机肥和生物有机肥,比较不同肥料处理对产量的影响,并采用高通量测序技术研究不同季土壤微生物区系的变化。[结果]与OF处理相比,BIO处理显著增加白菜和甘蓝的产量,第1季和第2季增幅分别为4.25%和8.85%。此外,BIO处理显著增加土壤电导率(EC值)、速效钾与速效磷含量。除第2季的细菌群落丰富度指数外,BIO处理土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性指数均大于OF处理;主坐标分析结果显示OF和BIO处理间土壤微生物群落结构差异明显,且方差分解分析结果显示功能微生物贵州木霉NJAU4742(Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742)对土壤微生物群落,尤其是真菌群落结构影响显著;BIO处理的伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)、Bhargavaea属、木霉属(Trichoderma)和红酵母属(Rhodotorula)的相对丰度显著高于OF处理,且其相对丰度与产量呈显著正相关。[结论]连续施用生物有机肥增加白菜和甘蓝的产量,改变土壤微生物群落结构和组成,添加的功能菌和激发的关键微生物与产量增加相关。连续施用生物有机肥能调节土壤微生物群落结构和组成,并提高白菜-甘蓝轮作体系产量。

[Objectives]The effects of organic fertilizer(OF)and bio-organic fertilizer(BIO)on yield and microflora in Chinese cabbage and cabbage rotation system were compared to reveal the soil micro-ecological mechanisms of yield enhancement,and to further provide an important theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of cabbages.[Methods]A 2-season field experiment was performed to investigate the impacts of continuous application of OF and BIO on Chinese cabbage and cabbage yields,and the high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the variation of soil microflora in different seasons.[Results]Two seasons continuous applications of BIO effectively increased the crop yields by 4.25%and 8.85%respectively,as compared to the treatment applied with OF.In addition,application of BIO significantly increased the EC value,available potassium and available phosphorus contents.Except for the richness index of bacterial community in the second season,the richness and diversity indexes of microbial community in BIO were higher than those in OF.Principal coordinates analysis results showed that microflora structures were significantly separated by different fertilization regimes.Variation partition analysis results showed that the functional microorganisms(Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742)had a significant impact on the variation of microflora structure,especially for fungal community.The relative abundances of Burkholderia,Bhargavaea,Trichoderma and Rhodotorula in BIO were significantly higher than those in OF,and showed positive correlations with crop yields.The results of redundancy analysis were the same with principal coordinates analysis.The relative abundances of Burkholderia,Bhargavaea,Trichoderma and Rhodotorula had positive correlations with the cabbage yield.[Conclusions]Consecutive BIO application increased crop yields in Chinese cabbage and cabbage rotation system,and altered soil microbial community structure and composition.The yield enhancement was attributed to the amendment of BIO which enhanced relative abundance of Trichoderma and increased the abundance of native beneficial microbial groups including Burkholderia,Bhargavaea,and Rhodotorula genera.Consecutive BIO application can manipulate the soil microbial community structure and composition,and increase crop yields in Chinese cabbage and cabbage rotation system.