功能叠加视角下城市减灾能力提升的法治路径

Legal Approach to Improve Urban Disaster Reduction Capacity from the Perspective of Functional Superposition

在中国,城市功能叠加与城市灾害生成之间有内在联系,根源在于城市防灾减灾救灾能力不强,且出现效用克减现象。城市减灾“一案三制”应急指导思想始终存在明显偏差,难以通过系统的灾前预防、临灾应急和灾后重建来减轻城市灾害造成的损害;相反,却引发了相关法律法规效用的不当消减。为此,应当制定专门的“城市法”,将“一岗双责”“终身负责制”和“灾害终结报告制度”引入城市减灾法治能力的提升当中,这将有利于国家严格控制大城市规模、合理发展中等城市和小城市,让中国的大中小各级各类城市,真正成为“BCBL”理念下适宜人居的安全城市。

In China,there is an intrinsic link between urban functional superposition and urban disaster.The root cause lies in the fact that the city s disaster prevention,mitigation and disaster relief capabilities are not strong,and there is a sign of reduction.The article analyzes the“cold answer”of the urban flood disaster to the space-time validity of the“Flood Control Law of the People s Republic of China”,the repeated call of the urban earthquake disaster to the construction safety of the“Law of the People s Republic of China on Protecting against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters”,and the negative response of urban fire to the force of the“Fire Protection Law of the People s Republic of China”.In terms of the legal approach to improve urban disaster prevention,mitigation and relief capabilities,the article puts forward several innovative proposals including enacting“Municipal Law of the People s Republic of China”which positions urban disaster reduction responsibilities,conducting“one job,two responsibilities”,“lifelong responsibility system”in urban disaster reduction,and adopting urban disaster elimination reporting system.