“上下/前后/左右/内外”连用情况及语序规律

“Up and down/before and after/left and right/inside and outside”Collocation and itsRule of Word Order

汉语中4个复合范围词“上下”“前后”“左右”“内外”存在连用现象。连用式语义有两个变化维度:语义引申与隐喻,除基本义外,其他用法基本可以互换或用单项式替代。连用总体趋势是:二项式>三项式>四项式;组合能力上,左右>上下>前后>内外;有明显的语序倾向;更适应正式度高的语体。从历时变化看,类型在减少、用量在变少。复合范围词连用现象是正式体表达严密化的需要,而古今差异也间接证明了这一点。

There is the collocation of the four compound directional words“up and down”,“before and after”,“left and right”and“inside and outside”in Chinese.There are two dimensions of its semantic change:semantic extension and metaphor.In addition to the basic meaning,other usages can be exchanged or replaced by the single expression.The general trend of this collocation is as follows:binomial>trinomial>four-term formula.In terms of combining ability,it is clear that left and right>up and down>before and after>inside and outside.There is an obvious word order.It is more suitable for a formal style.Diachronic change shows that its type and quantity have decreased.The collocation of such compound directional wordsreveals the need of strict formal expression,which is proved by the difference between ancient and modern usages.