“两广三金俍兵文化节”仪式所见俍兵后裔的族群身份认同与文化信仰的两重性

THE DUALITY OF ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION AND CULTUAL BELIEFS OF LANG SOLDIERS’ DECENDENTS OBSERVED IN THE CEREMONIES OF "GUANGXI AND GUANGDONG SANJIN LANG SOLDIERS CULTURAL FESTIVAL"

两广"三金"区域(低阳、甲隆、平福)俍兵后裔的信仰系统及仪式过程具有独特性,一在于其为笔者目前仅见的活态俍兵宗教信仰仪式;二在于此案例提供了俍兵族群身份认同变迁却守持本族宗教文化和信仰的典型样本;三在于"三金"区域并非行政区,而是跨越两广三县,由介于桂东南和粤西之间的历史上"狼二十村"演变而来的文化区域。本文以历史人类学的视角,结合官方和民间文献及口传故事等,分析三金区域俍兵文化节的信仰及仪式过程背后呈现的地方民众对俍兵屯戍历史的记忆,探究俍兵后裔对于本族文化符号的认知与展演,以及仪式背后所呈现的俍兵后裔认同汉族族群身份却传承俍兵文化信仰的两重性现象。

The belief systems and ceremony processes of Lang soldiers’ descendants in "Sanjin" area(Diyang, Jialong, Pingfu) of Guangxi and Guangdong are of uniqueness. Firstly, they are the only active rituals of Lang soldiers’ religious belief that the author has ever seen so far;Secondly, this case provides a typical sample to demonstrate the changes of Lang soldiers’ ethnic identification while the descendants still sustain their own religious cultures and beliefs;Thirdly, the "Sanjin" area is not an administrative region and it strides over three counties of two provinces(Guangxi and Guangdong), but it is actually a cultural region evolved from the historical "twenty villages of Lang" between the southeast Guangxi and the west Guangdong. From the perspective of historical anthropology, this article combines the official archives with the folk literature and oral stories, analyzes local people’s memories on the history of the station of Lang soldiers upon the observations of the beliefs and ceremonies in the "Sanjin Lang Soldiers Cultural Festival", explores the cognitions and performances of Lang soldiers’ descendants concerning their own cultural symbols, as well as reveals the duality of their identification with Han identity but inheriting Lang soldiers’ cultural beliefs, which is well demonstrated in their ceremonies.