旅游规划中外研究差异比较分析

A Comparative Study on the Difference of Tourism Planning between China and the Overseas

文章借助文献图谱分析工具CiteSpace,收集了中国知网CNKI和WOS两个数据库中以"旅游规划"为主题的文献,比较分析及评述两者的研究差异。研究发现:1.国内旅游规划研究主要集中在"旅游规划"概念本身、生态旅游、旅游资源和可持续发展四个方面,与其他规划的联系也更为密切,多从地理学角度展开研究;2.国外旅游规划研究与管理、影响、政策等话题的联系更为密切,以管理学的研究角度为主;3.国内外旅游规划研究的理论基础存在显著差异,但对旅游规划的研究都尚未形成成熟的研究体系和范式;4.国内旅游规划研究偏好发展史总结,对重大转折的判断缺乏依据,缺乏对基本学科问题和内容结构的理论讨论,缺乏从旅游活动本身需求出发展开的研究。文章认为,未来的旅游规划研究应该重视旅游活动本身的特点,以及中国当前丰富的旅游规划实践案例和经验,由此完善和丰富旅游规划研究的理论框架。

Sustainable tourism planning helps tourism develop steadily.Nowadays,China’s tourism grows so fast to promote the growth of national economy.Therefore,to study the tourism planning progress,research thread and current problems makes so much sense to conduct China tourism development practice.Based on the studies about tourism planning searched in CNKI and Web of Science,this paper conducts a comparative study on the difference of tourism planning between China and the overseas.Citespace,which is an analytical tool to visualize literature,could reflect the main topics,original theories,fundamental authors and research frontiers.To understand the differences of tourism planning between China and the overseas,this study compares the research theme,the changes of developing stages,the co-working network of high cited authors and literatures,the international influence,as well as the research method.Drawing upon the statistical and Citespace-based analysis,four major conclusions are developed.Firstly,we confirmed that there is huge difference about research content and discipline background in Chinese and foreign studies.China’s literature on tourism planning focused on planning,ecotourism,tourism resources and sustainable development.These studies were mainly conducted through a geographical perspective.In contrast,the oversea studies focused more on how to manage tourism destination,the impact of tourism development,set up some models to clarify how tourism developed,which were mainly based on a management perspective.China’s study themes were regional tourism development and planning based on economics and geography.However,foreign studies paid more attention to the non-productivity characteristics of tourism phenomena.They stressed tourist behavior as well as tourism destination evolution instead of tourism resources utilization of tourism product design.Secondly,the study reveals two theoretical gaps in tourism planning between China and the overseas.Theoretical framework or research paradigm has not yet been formed so far neither in China nor the overseas.Moreover,both studies were mainly based on space planning rather than tourism activities or experiences themselves.Thirdly,tourism planning studies in China preferred identifying development stages which lacked of reasonable analysis or solid empirical supports,but mainly came from personal reflection of the scholars,and they were strongly influenced by national policies and social demand.From the perspective of quantificational result,the trend of tourism planning research theme in China goes diversification but there is no diversion evidently.Therefore,this paper argues that tourism planning research should focus more on theorizing tourism activities rather than borrow spatial planning theories from the discipline of urban planning.It is necessary to develop the theories of tourism planning,rather than use theories from the others for planning.The contribution of the study is developing a quantificational research to map the tourism planning research progress,precisely and systematically.Last but not least,it is concluded that as the Experience Economy Era coming,the tourism planning design and research should lay more stress on tourism experience and product.Tourism planning theories must rely more on experience or institution design than space.It is so essential to study and practice China’s tourism planning.