圣地巡礼旅游的后现代主义真实剖析——以日本仙台市为例

An Analysis of the Anime Pilgrimage in the Perspective of Post-modernism Authenticity--A Case Study of Sendai City

圣地巡礼作为动漫旅游的特殊类别,对市场开辟、地域活化、经济振兴和社群联结起着相当积极的作用,但国内关于圣地巡礼旅游开发的研究仍处于探索阶段。文章运用文献研究和个案分析法,以仙台市圣地巡礼为例,从后现代主义和旅游真实性的角度出发,探讨在圣地巡礼旅游模式中旅游客体各要素的组合与构筑是如何呈现出后现代主义真实、旅游主体是如何因此获得超真实体验。研究发现:圣地巡礼通过构筑旅游客体的模型真实、拟像真实和再生真实,满足了游客对于超真实旅游体验的渴望。本研究旨在探索"圣地巡礼"这一新兴的个性化旅游模式的质量评价和选择机制,从而对政府或企业扶持、投资圣地巡礼旅游提供参考。

Anime pilgrimage,is defined as the action of anime fans visiting places and landmarks in the real world that were featured in some anime.As a special type of anime tourism,anime pilgrimage has received widely attentions in Japan in recent years since it can positively impact on market segmentation,regional activation,economic revitalization and social connection.Back in China,in 2018,the total value of China’s anime industry is expected to exceed 150 billion yuan.The growth of animation enthusiasts,the expansion of anime broadcasting channels,and the increase in the quality and quantity of domestic anime works have laid the foundation for the development of anime pilgrimage.However,current research about anime pilgrimage is still in the exploration stage,where researchers just introduced the concept and summarized the overseas advanced experiences simply.Suggestions about developing such tourism type only stay on the macro level and often ignore the real-life situations and challenges.On the other hand,tourism authenticity,that is,the extent to which modern tourists pursue authenticity has always been a long-standing topic in the academia.Currently,there exist four types of tourism authenticity:objective authenticity,constructive authenticity,post-modern authenticity and existential authenticity.They are also the starting point for the tourism industry to evaluate and measure the quality of different tourism models.As the type of personalized tourism through which tourists wish to experience the fantasy of fictional works in the real world,anime pilgrimage contains hyperreality experience,which actually conveys the meaning of post-modern authenticity.In summary,this study takes the anime pilgrimage of Sendai City as an example,which held a JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure theme festival in 2017.From the perspective of post-modernism authenticity,the article constructs the model of post-modernism authenticity and discusses how combinations of tourism elements in anime pilgrimage presents post-modernism and how tourists gain hyperreality experience through them.The conclusion is that to satisfy tourists’eager towards hyperreality,anime pilgrimage is built by shaping the model authenticity(the authenticity that is not aggregated by reality rather than imagination or symbols.),simulacra authenticity(the authenticity that further massively replicates the models)and regeneration authenticity(the authenticity that combines with tourism concepts to create brand-new attractions).The purpose of this paper is to explore the quality evaluation and selection standards of anime pilgrimage,so as to further provide some advice for domestic government or enterprise supporting and investing in anime pilgrimage.