可信区块链在农业农村应用展望

Prospect of Agricultural and Rural Application of Trusted Blockchain

区块链技术在促进农业农村高质量发展方面具有广阔的应用前景,受到世界各国的广泛关注。目前,我国正值脱贫攻坚后期和乡村全面振兴的关键时期,我国农业农村的产业和社会结构的弱中心化和去中心化特征与区块链具有天然的耦合性和应用结合点。本文针对当前农业农村区块链应用研究相关文献中存在的偏重农业、偏农村金融,且存在一定碎片化的现状,把"三农"作为"乡村全面振兴"战略不可分割的整体,首先综述了相关背景和区块链的技术特点,然后在全球视角下梳理了国内外农业农村区块链应用的研究现状,指出了当前区块链应用的主要难点问题,最后结合农业产业、农村治理、农民民生三个方面,依次从可信物联网为基础的智慧农业、新型农业经营体系可信支撑网络、农产品质量安全体系、新一代农村电子商务、可信农村金融与农业保险体系、可信基层组织治理网络、可信农村集体资产经营体系、可信乡村旅游产业、农村人居环境整治、精准扶贫、可信农民工权益保障网络等十一个"三农"热点领域中区块链应用进行了较全面的展望。未来,区块链在与5G、人工智能等其它"新基建"要素的结合下将促进社会加速向5.0(Society 5.0)的演化。

The potential of blockchain applications for promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas has received attention worldwide.China is currently in a mature stage of national poverty alleviation and a crucial period for rural revitalization.The weakly-centralized/decentralized nature of Chinese agricultural and rural industrial and social structures suggest a natural coupling and application integration point with emerging blockchain technology.However,the majority of agricultural and rural blockchain research efforts focus mainly on rural finance and approach issues in a fragmented manner.In contrast,explores the application of blockchain technology in agriculture and rural areas from the holistic perspective of the national"comprehensive rural revitalization"strategy.After reviewing the technical characteristics of blockchain and related global application research,we systematically examine prospects in agricultural and rural development,and identify blockchain opportunities in eleven domains,such as smart agriculture based on trusted Internet of Things Io T,credible support networks for the new agricultural management systems,agricultural product quality and safety systems,credible rural collective asset management system,credible rural tourism industry,rural living environment improvement initiative,targeted poverty alleviation,credible migrant workers’rights and interests protection network and so forth.Our findings suggest that the combination of blockchain and 5 G,artificial intelligence and other"new infrastructure"elements can accelerate the evolution of society to society 5.0.