山东岩溶地貌特征及其形成演化分析

An Analysis of Characteristics, Formation and Evolution of the Karst Landforms, Shandong Province

山东,既发育着崮群、海岸等具有山东特色的岩溶地貌形态,也发育着泉群、长垣状山体、干谷等中国北方及温带岩溶地貌的典型形态,还发育着洞穴群、漏斗、洼地、峡谷等常见的岩溶地貌形态;它们以寒武系和奥陶系为主的可溶性地层为物质基础,或呈线状,或呈面状,或呈点状分布于众多规模、形态不一,且彼此独立的岩溶孤岛内,是崮群、泉群、洞穴群和海岸等岩溶地貌的典型集中发育区,是展现崮、泉自然美景最杰出的代表地之一。同时在对区域地质地理背景进行分析和研究的基础上,按区域气候特征将山东岩溶地貌划分为半干旱、半湿润、海岸性3类暖温带岩溶地貌区,并系统研究和探讨了山东岩溶"离散型孤岛式"的形成演化过程,认为它是一个能充分展现中国北方及全球温带岩溶地貌复杂演化过程和规律的杰出范例。

The karst landforms in Shandong are generally classified into the karst landforms that have Shandong characteristics, such as Gu group and coast, the typical karst landforms that are developed in northern China and temperate zone, such as spring group, long wall shape mountain and dry valley, and the karst landforms that often have been seen, such as cave group, doline, depression and gorge. All of them have been developed in the soluble strata dominated by Cambrian and the Ordovician strata. They exhibit linear–like, planar-like or point-like form and are distributed in numerous karst islands which have different scales and shapes and are completely independent of each other. They are a typical concentration of Gu group, spring group, cave group and coast, and seem to constitute one of the most typical scenes presenting Gu and spring. Based on the analysis and investigation of the regional geological and geographical background, the authors divided Shandong karst landforms into 3 karst landform regions of warm temperate zone, i.e., semiarid, semihumid and coast, according to the characteristics of regional climate. On such a basis, the authors systematically studied and discussed the formation and evolution of discrete island of Shandong karst, and reached the conclusion that it is the typical representative place that could fully display the complicated evolutionary processes and regularity of temperate zone karst in northern China and even in the whole world.