荚果期淹水胁迫对花生产量及品质的影响

The influence of waterlogging stress on yield and quality at different pod stage of peanut

研究花生荚果期涝害对产量及品质的影响可为农业防灾减灾提供重要科学依据。基于田间试验,将夏花生荚果期分为前期、中期、后期3个时段,每个阶段设置0(对照)、3、5、7、9 d人工模拟淹水胁迫,研究了涝害对花生的影响。结果表明,淹水胁迫时间越早,胁迫日数越多,产量影响就越大,反之影响小,总体影响趋势排序为前期>中期>后期,9 d>7 d>5 d>3 d;前期的9 d淹水胁迫使荚果产量、百果重、百仁重分别减少21.8%、16.2%和24.6%,中期9 d淹水胁迫分别减少15.7%、8.6%和14.2%;前、中期的地上生物量茎叶干重3、5 d淹水胁迫为正效应,平均增幅8%,7 d开始转为负效应;淹水胁迫可使子仁品质受到影响,影响程度排序为中期>后期>前期,水分、粗蛋白、油酸含量升高,含油量、亚油酸、棕榈酸含量降低,使得品质下降,水分和含油量随淹水日数的增加而增加,其余品质指标与淹水日数关系不明显。

Under the background of supply side reform of agriculture,the influence of stress of waterlogging on yield and quality at pod period of peanut could offer important scientific evidence for agricultural disaster prevention and reduction.Based on field experi⁃ments,the whole pod stage of summer peanut was divided into early,middle and late periods,and in each period,wet stress lasted 0(control group),3,5,7 and 9 days respectively were set for studying the final impact of wet hazard on peanut.The results showed that,wet stress happened earlier and the days lasted longer,the greater was the impact on the production.The overall trend of influ⁃ence showed the impact in early stage was bigger than that of middle stage and late stage,and the influence lasted 9 days was bigger than that of 7,5 and 3 days.In early stage,9 days lasted waterlogging reduced the pod yield,fruit weight and kernel weight by 21.8%,16.2%and 24.6%respectively,and which were 15.7%,8.6%,14.2%in the middle stage.Stress of 3 and 5 days occurred in early and middle stage were positive,and the average yield increased 8%,however,the effect was negative when the stress lasted more than 7 days.Wet stained stress also influence the quality of seed kernel,and the influence degree was bigger in middle stage than late and early stage.Moisture,protein and oleic acid content increased,meanwhile,amounts of fat,linoleic acid and palmitic ac⁃id decreased,so the quality decreased.Moisture and fat content increased with the increase of the waterlogging days,while the rest of the quality index was not obvious correlated to hazard days.