多年生稻云大107产量潜力分析

Yield Potential Analysis of Perennial Rice Yunda 107

利用长雄野生稻地下茎无性繁殖特性培育具有多年生性的栽培稻品种已经获得成功。云大107是通过"滇瑞449//RD23/长雄野生稻"杂交选育出来的具有多年生性的优质稻品种。为明确云大107的产量潜力,进而为优化其栽培技术提供科学依据,笔者用云南主栽的优质稻品种滇屯502、滇瑞449、文稻5作对照,于2018年在云南景洪进行田间试验,调查分析了各品种生育期、干物质积累、光合特性、产量及产量潜力等性状。结果表明,云大107产量可达564.52 kg/667 m^2,较滇屯502、文稻5和滇瑞449分别增产25.94%、5.41%和2.93%,其中与滇屯502相比差异达显著;从产量构成看,云大107每穗粒数、千粒重均比对照文稻5、滇屯502和滇瑞449高,粒多粒大是其高产的原因;同时,云大107剑叶净光合速率分别比滇屯502、滇瑞449和文稻5增加4.45%、4.65%和16.83%,差异显著。因此,挖掘云大107产量潜力的主要途径是提高其每穗粒数,同时提高齐穗后剑叶光合能力,以积累较多光合产物,进而提高成熟期生物产量。

Perennial rice has been successfully bred by the clonal propagation characteristic via rhizome of Oryza longistaminata,can survive for many years.Yunda 107 is a perennial rice variety with high quality,selected through the cross of‘Dianrui449//RD23/Oryza longistaminata’.In order to explore the yield potential of Yunda 107,an experiment was conducted in 2018 using high quality rice varieties Diantun 502,Dianrui 449 and Wendao 5 as controls.In the experiment,we investigated the traits such as growth period,dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and yield potential of each tested variety.The results showed that,the yield of Yunda 107 can reach 564.52 kg/667 m2,which increase by 25.94%,5.41%and 2.93%compared with Diantun 502,Wendao 5 and Dianrui 449,respectively,and the difference is significant compared with Diantun 502.In terms of yield composition,the number of grains per panicle and the weight per thousand grains of Yunda 107 were higher than those of Wendao 5,Diantun 502 and Dianrui 449.The large number and size of grains were the main reason for its higher yield.At the same time,the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of Yunda 107 increased by 4.45%,4.65%and 16.83%,compared with Diantun 502,Dianrui 449 and Wendao 5,respectively,with significant differences.Therefore,the main way to tap the yield potential of Yunda 107 is to increase the number of grains per panicle and the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves after full heading,so as to accumulate more photosynthetic products,thereby increasing the biological yield at mature stage.